Seroprevalence of in Wild Boars () Hunted in Ukraine

Overview

Journal Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl

Date 2024 Jan 26

PMID 38274348

Authors

Maryna Galat

Gaston More

Caroline F Frey

Ganna Kovalenko

Inna Maliuk

Ihor Halka

Mykola Sytiuk

Maksym Bezymennyi

Vladyslav Galat

Pikka Jokelainen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

is an important zoonotic parasite worldwide, but it has received limited attention in Ukraine. A seroepidemiological study was conducted and samples from 452 wild boars that had been hunted in 2006-2011 in 23 of the 25 regions of Ukraine were tested to estimate . seroprevalence. A locally available commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the investigation. Additionally, we tested 92 of the sera using a widely used commercial multi-species ELISA and an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). With the locally available ELISA, 35 of the 452 wild boars tested positive, yielding a seroprevalence estimate of 7.7% (95% confidence interval 5.5-10.5). The seropositive wild boars originated from eight of the regions. Using the majority criteria, 10/92 samples tested using both ELISAs and the IFAT were considered positive, yielding an estimated seroprevalence of 10.9% within the subset of samples. The highest seroprevalence was observed in wild boars hunted in Luhans'k (30.0%), Odesa (17.7%) and Kharkiv (12.7%). Seroprevalence was higher in older animals (13.3% for age group >12 months and 7.7% for age group ≤12 months). This is the first seroepidemiological study of in wild boars in Ukraine. Assuming that seropositivity indicates presence of infectious parasites in the tissues, eating undercooked meat of wild boars hunted in Ukraine could be a potential source of infection to other hosts, including humans.

Citing Articles

Seroprevalence of Infection in Wild Boar () and Korean Water Deer () in the Republic of Korea.

Hwang J, Kim J, Son K, Kim Y, Jeong H, Jheong W Animals (Basel). 2025; 14(24.

PMID: 39765573 PMC: 11672847. DOI: 10.3390/ani14243669.

Seroprevalence of in wild boars () hunted in Ukraine.

Galat M, More G, Frey C, Kovalenko G, Maliuk I, Halka I Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2024; 23:100901.

PMID: 38274348 PMC: 10809072. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.100901.

References

Laforet C, Deksne G, Petersen H, Jokelainen P, Johansen M, Lassen B . Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark. Acta Vet Scand. 2019; 61(1):4. PMC: 6332525. DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0440-x. View

Basso W, Hartnack S, Pardini L, Maksimov P, Koudela B, Venturini M . Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of a commercial ELISA for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs compared with IFAT, TgSAG1-ELISA and Western blot, using a Bayesian latent class approach. Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43(7):565-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.02.003. View

Machado D, de Barros L, de Souza Lima Nino B, de Souza Pollo A, Dos Santos Silva A, Perles L . Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from the State of São Paulo, Brazil: Serology, molecular characterization, and hunter's perception on toxoplasmosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2021; 23:100534. DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100534. View

Jokelainen P, Velstrom K, Lassen B . Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia. Acta Vet Scand. 2015; 57:42. PMC: 4524169. DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0133-z. View

Richomme C, Aubert D, Gilot-Fromont E, Ajzenberg D, Mercier A, Ducrot C . Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from wild boar (Sus scrofa) in France. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 164(2-4):296-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.014. View

Bassi A, Steiner J, Stephan R, Nuesch-Inderbinen M . Seroprevalence of and in Hunted Wild Boars from Two Different Regions in Switzerland. Animals (Basel). 2021; 11(8). PMC: 8388357. DOI: 10.3390/ani11082227. View

Bartova E, Sedlak K, Literak I . Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in wild boars in the Czech Republic. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 142(1-2):150-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.022. View

Coelho C, Vieira-Pinto M, Faria A, Vale-Goncalves H, Veloso O, Paiva-Cardoso M . Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boar from Portugal. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 202(3-4):310-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.03.013. View

Pare J, Hietala S, Thurmond M . Interpretation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of Neospora sp. infection in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1995; 7(2):273-5. DOI: 10.1177/104063879500700222. View

10.

Roqueplo C, Blaga R, Jean-Lou M, Vallee I, Davoust B . Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southeastern France. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2017; 64. DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.003. View

11.

Gauss C, Dubey J, Vidal D, Ruiz F, Vicente J, Marco I . Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2005; 131(1-2):151-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.023. View

12.

Puvanesuaran V, Noordin R, Balakrishnan V . Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from wild boars in Peninsular Malaysia. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e61730. PMC: 3629149. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061730. View

13.

Dubey J, Andrews C, Thulliez P, Lind P, Kwok O . Long-term humoral antibody responses by various serologic tests in pigs orally inoculated with oocysts of four strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Vet Parasitol. 1997; 68(1-2):41-50. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01053-9. View

14.

Lizana V, Gortazar C, Muniesa A, Cabezon O, Marti-Marco A, Lopez-Ramon J . Human and environmental factors driving Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in wild boar (Sus scrofa). Res Vet Sci. 2021; 141:56-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.007. View

15.

Opsteegh M, Swart A, Fonville M, Dekkers L, Van der Giessen J . Age-related Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in Dutch wild boar inconsistent with lifelong persistence of antibodies. PLoS One. 2011; 6(1):e16240. PMC: 3024411. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016240. View

16.

Richomme C, Afonso E, Tolon V, Ducrot C, Halos L, Alliot A . Seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild boar ( Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean island. Epidemiol Infect. 2010; 138(9):1257-66. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268810000117. View

17.

Jokelainen P, Nareaho A, Halli O, Heinonen M, Sukura A . Farmed wild boars exposed to Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 187(1-2):323-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.026. View

18.

Garcia J, Navarro I, Vidotto O, Gennari S, Machado R, da Luz Pereira A . Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of a rhoptry-ELISA with IFAT and MAT for antibody detection in sera of experimentally infected pigs. Exp Parasitol. 2006; 113(2):100-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.12.011. View

19.

Sandfoss M, DePerno C, Patton S, Flowers J, Kennedy-Stoskopf S . Prevalence of antibody to Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. in feral pigs (Sus scrofa) of eastern North Carolina. J Wildl Dis. 2011; 47(2):338-43. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-47.2.338. View

20.

Gardner I, Greiner M, Dubey J . Statistical evaluation of test accuracy studies for Toxoplasma gondii in food animal intermediate hosts. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009; 57(1):82-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01281.x. View