Effect of Dexamethasone on Antibody Response of Horses to Vaccination with a Combined Equine Influenza Virus and Equine Herpesvirus-1 Vaccine

Overview

Journal J Vet Intern Med

Specialties General Medicine
Veterinary Medicine

Date 2023 Dec 23

PMID 38141173

Authors

Nicole Kreutzfeldt

Thomas M Chambers

Stephanie Reedy

Kennedy Michelle Spann

Nicola Pusterla

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dexamethasone is routinely administered to horses but its effect on the antibody response to a commercial EIV/EHV vaccine is unclear.

Hypothesis: Horses receiving dexamethasone will have lower postvaccination antibody levels against EIV and EHV-1 than vaccinated controls.

Animals: Fifty-five healthy adult research horses.

Methods: Randomized cohort study. Control (no vaccine, group 1), vaccination only (EIV/EHV-1/EHV-4, Prestige 2, Merck Animal Health, group 2), vaccination and concurrent single intravenous dose of dexamethasone (approximately .05 mg/kg, group 3), vaccination and 3 intravenous doses of dexamethasone at 24 hours intervals (group 4). Serum SAA levels were measured on day 1 and day 3. Antibody levels against EIV (hemagglutination inhibition assay, Kentucky 2014 antigen) and EHV-1 (multiplex ELISA targeting total IgG and IgG 4/7) were measured on day 1 and day 30.

Results: Significantly increased mean antibody titers after vaccination were only noted against EIV and only after the vaccination alone (n = 14, prevaccine mean [prvm] 166.9, SD 259.6, 95% CI 16.95-316.8; postvaccine mean [povm] 249.1, SD 257.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 100.6-397.6, P = .02) and the single dose dexamethasone (n = 14, prvm 93.14, SD 72.2, CI 51.45-134.8; povm 185.1, SD 118, CI 116.7-253.6, P = .01), but not after multiple doses of dexamethasone (n = 14, prvm 194.3, SD 258.3, CI 45.16-343.4; povm 240.0, SD 235.7, CI 103.9-376.1, P > .05).

Conclusion: The effect of dexamethasone on the postvaccine antibody response varies depending on the dosing frequency and the antigen-specific antibody type.

Citing Articles

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection.

Hu Y, Wu G, Jia Q, Zhang B, Sun W, Sa R Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1408510.

PMID: 39021566 PMC: 11252532. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408510.

Effect of dexamethasone on antibody response of horses to vaccination with a combined equine influenza virus and equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine.

Kreutzfeldt N, Chambers T, Reedy S, Spann K, Pusterla N J Vet Intern Med. 2023; 38(1):424-430.

PMID: 38141173 PMC: 10800231. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16978.

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