Resistant or Susceptible? How Central European Oat ( L.) Cultivars React to F. Sp. Infection

Overview

Journal Plants (Basel)

Date 2023 Nov 25

PMID 38005722

Authors

Magdalena Cieplak

Sylwia Okon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In accordance with the postulates of integrated plant protection, the use of cultivars with genetically determined resistance is one of the main strategies for preventing losses caused by fungal pathogens. The development of breeding programs aimed at increasing resistance to pathogens should be preceded by a characterization of the resistance of cultivars grown in a given area. This allows us to determine the number of genes used in breeding and their effectiveness. It also allows us to estimate the pressure that the pathogen may exert on varieties with specific resistance genes. The presented work aimed to determine the level of resistance of oat varieties currently cultivated in Central Europe and the number of effective powdery mildew resistance genes currently used in oat breeding programs. The research showed that out of 46 varieties, only 5 were resistant to powdery mildew. Analysis of the infection profiles allowed us to postulate the presence of the gene in four of them. In the Merlin variety from the Czech Republic, it was not possible to determine which of the previously described genes determines resistance to powdery mildew. Due to the observed climate changes and the rapid adaptation of pathogens to new environmental conditions, it is crucial to introduce a wider pool of genes that determine the pathogen resistance of cultivars.

References

Liu B, Stevens-Green R, Johal D, Buchanan R, Geddes-McAlister J . Fungal pathogens of cereal crops: Proteomic insights into fungal pathogenesis, host defense, and resistance. J Plant Physiol. 2021; 269:153593. DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153593. View

Admassu-Yimer B, Gordon T, Harrison S, Kianian S, Bockelman H, Bonman J . New Sources of Adult Plant and Seedling Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Identified among Avena sativa Accessions From the National Small Grains Collection. Plant Dis. 2018; 102(11):2180-2186. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0566-RE. View

Heath M . Nonhost resistance and nonspecific plant defenses. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2000; 3(4):315-9. DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00087-x. View

Pandolfi V, Ferreira Neto J, Silva M, Amorim L, Wanderley-Nogueira A, de Oliveira Silva R . Resistance (R) Genes: Applications and Prospects for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2016; 18(4):323-334. DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160724195248. View

Li H, Zhou M, Liu C . A major QTL conferring crown rot resistance in barley and its association with plant height. Theor Appl Genet. 2009; 118(5):903-10. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0948-3. View

Hsam S, Mohler V, Zeller F . The genetics of resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.): current status of major genes. J Appl Genet. 2014; 55(2):155-62. DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0196-y. View

Singh R, De S, Belkheir A . Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012; 53(2):126-44. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.526725. View

Cieplak M, Nucia A, Ociepa T, Okon S . Virulence Structure and Genetic Diversity of f. sp. from Different Regions of Europe. Plants (Basel). 2022; 11(10). PMC: 9145444. DOI: 10.3390/plants11101358. View

Dean R, van Kan J, Pretorius Z, Hammond-Kosack K, Di Pietro A, Spanu P . The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol. 2012; 13(4):414-30. PMC: 6638784. DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x. View

10.

Newton A, Torrance L, Holden N, Toth I, Cooke D, Blok V . Climate Change and Defense against Pathogens in Plants. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2012; 81:89-132. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394382-8.00003-4. View

11.

Ben Halima N, Ben Saad R, Khemakhem B, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S . Oat (Avena sativa L.): Oil and Nutriment Compounds Valorization for Potential Use in Industrial Applications. J Oleo Sci. 2015; 64(9):915-32. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15074. View

12.

Montilla-Bascon G, Rispail N, Sanchez-Martin J, Rubiales D, Mur L, Langdon T . Genome-wide association study for crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) resistance in an oat (Avena sativa) collection of commercial varieties and landraces. Front Plant Sci. 2015; 6:103. PMC: 4350391. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00103. View

13.

Ociepa T, Okon S . Chromosomal Location of -A Novel Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene from . Genes (Basel). 2022; 13(12). PMC: 9778159. DOI: 10.3390/genes13122409. View

14.

Zuccaro A, Langen G . Breeding for resistance: can we increase crop resistance to pathogens without compromising the ability to accommodate beneficial microbes?. New Phytol. 2020; 227(2):279-282. DOI: 10.1111/nph.16610. View

15.

Ociepa T, Okon S, Nucia A, Lesniowska-Nowak J, Paczos-Grzeda E, Bisaga M . Molecular identification and chromosomal localization of new powdery mildew resistance gene Pm11 in oat. Theor Appl Genet. 2019; 133(1):179-185. PMC: 6952345. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03449-3. View

16.

Brodfuhrer S, Mohler V, Stadlmeier M, Okon S, Beuch S, Mascher M . Genetic mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm7 on oat chromosome 5D. Theor Appl Genet. 2023; 136(3):53. PMC: 10011287. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04288-z. View

17.

Stam R, McDonald B . When resistance gene pyramids are not durable-the role of pathogen diversity. Mol Plant Pathol. 2018; 19(3):521-524. PMC: 6637985. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12636. View