Variability of Vaccine Responsiveness in Young Children

Overview

Journal J Infect Dis

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2023 Nov 22

PMID 37992188

Authors

Michael E Pichichero

Lei Xu

Eduardo Gonzalez

Minh Pham

Ravinder Kaur

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Variability in vaccine responsiveness among young children is poorly understood.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected in the first weeks of life for measurement of cytokines/chemokines seeking a biomarker, and blood samples were collected at age 1 year to identify vaccine responsiveness status, defined as low vaccine responder (LVR), normal vaccine responder (NVR), and high vaccine responder (HVR), to test for vaccine antigen-induced immune memory and for antigen-presenting cell (APC) function.

Results: Significantly lower specific cytokine/chemokine levels as biosignatures, measurable in nasopharyngeal secretions at infant age 1-3 weeks, predicted LVR status compared to NVR and HVR children. Antibiotic exposures were correlated with increased occurrence of LVR. At age 1 year, LVRs had fewer CD4+ T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 memory cells responsive to specific vaccine antigens. APC responses observed among LVRs, both at rest and in response to Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulation by R848, were suboptimal, suggesting that altered innate immunity may contribute to immune deficiency in LVRs.

Conclusions: Cytokine biosignatures in the first weeks of life may predict vaccine responsiveness in children during the first year of life. Antibiotic exposure is associated with LVR in children. CD4+ T-cell memory induction and APC deficiencies occur in LVR children.

Citing Articles

Respiratory infection- and asthma-prone, low vaccine responder children demonstrate distinct mononuclear cell DNA methylation pathways.

Martino D, Schultz N, Kaur R, van Haren S, Kresoje N, Hoch A Clin Epigenetics. 2024; 16(1):85.

PMID: 38961479 PMC: 11223352. DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01703-0.

Respiratory Infection- and Asthma-prone, Low Vaccine Responder Children Demonstrate Distinct Mononuclear Cell DNA Methylation Pathways.

Martino D, Schultz N, Kaur R, Haren S, Kresoje N, Hoch A Res Sq. 2024; .

PMID: 38645021 PMC: 11030504. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4160354/v1.

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