Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2023 Sep 28

PMID 37762008

Authors

Johanna Loris

Lena Hanesch

Gerd Bauerschmitz

Julia Gallwas

Carsten Grundker

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Whether G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depends in part on tumor entity. Little is known about the function of GPER1 in vulvar carcinoma. In this work, we aim to clarify what role GPER1 plays in vulvar cancer, tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive. Localization of GPER1 in A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells was examined by immunofluorescence. Using a tissue microarray of vulvar neoplasias, the correlation between GPER1 expression and grade of malignancy was investigated. A431 and CAL-39 cells were treated either with GPER1 agonist G1 or antagonist G36. Proliferation was quantified by BrdU assay and viability examined using Resazurin assay. Morphological changes were analyzed by microscopy and measured using ImageJ. Cell migration was analyzed by gap closure assay. Clonogenic potential was tested by colony and sphere formation. Expression of estrogen receptors was examined by Western blot. GPER1 was found consistently expressed in vulvar neoplasia tissues. The immune-reactive score was found to be significantly higher in tissue samples of lymph node metastases and neoplasias with grade 3. In A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells, GPER1 expression was mainly found in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Treatment of A431 and CAL-39 cells with GPER1 agonist G1 resulted in a decrease in proliferation and migration. In addition, colony formation and tumor sphere formation were reduced. Furthermore, morphological signs of necrosis and reduction in cell viability after G1 treatment were observed. The GPER1 antagonist G36 did not have significant effects on vulvar carcinoma cells. Neither agonist G1 nor antagonist G36 treatment resulted in altered expression of estrogen receptors. Activation of GPER1 with GPER1 agonist G1 reduces the tumorigenic potential of the vulvar carcinoma cells. It can be deduced from this that GPER1 appears to have a tumor-suppressive effect in vulvar carcinoma.

Citing Articles

G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Regulates Expression of /PAI-1 and Inhibits Tumorigenic Potential of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells .

Rorig L, Ruckriegl S, Gallwas J, Grundker C Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2024; 22(1):13-23.

PMID: 39730177 PMC: 11696318. DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20482.

Suppressing Expression of SERPINE1/PAI1 Through Activation of GPER1 Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma.

Doelker T, Gallwas J, Grundker C Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2024; 21(6):566-579.

PMID: 39467628 PMC: 11534035. DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20473.

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