The Long Journey of Extracellular Vesicles Towards Global Scientific Acclamation

Overview

Journal Adv Pharm Bull

Date 2023 Aug 30

PMID 37646064

Authors

Marco Pirisinu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived vesicles that are responsible for eliciting a wide array of biological processes. After decades of intense investigation, the therapeutic potential of EVs will be finally explored in a series of upcoming clinical trials. EVs are rapidly changing the understanding of human physiology and will undoubtedly transform the field of medicine. The applicability of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment vectors has captured the attention of the scientific community and investors, facilitating the rapid progression of numerous EVs-based platforms. This mini-review provides an outline of the pioneering discoveries, and their respective significances, on progressing EVs toward clinical use. We focus the attention of the readers on several promising classes of EVs that hold major opportunities to translate in clinical practice. Market analysis and future challenges facing EVs-based therapies are also discussed.

References

Cocozza F, Nevo N, Piovesana E, Lahaye X, Buchrieser J, Schwartz O . Extracellular vesicles containing ACE2 efficiently prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-containing virus. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021; 10(2):e12050. PMC: 7769856. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12050. View

Cappellano G, Raineri D, Rolla R, Giordano M, Puricelli C, Vilardo B . Circulating Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are a Hallmark of Sars-Cov-2 Infection. Cells. 2021; 10(1). PMC: 7825711. DOI: 10.3390/cells10010085. View

Rezeli M, Gidlof O, Evander M, Bryl-Gorecka P, Sathanoori R, Gilje P . Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated by Acoustic Trapping or Differential Centrifugation. Anal Chem. 2016; 88(17):8577-86. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01694. View

Leung L, Riaz M, Qu X, Chan J, Meehan K . Profiling of extracellular vesicles in oral cancer, from transcriptomics to proteomics. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021; 74:3-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.002. View

MATHE G, Bernard J, SCHWARZENBERG L, LARRIEU M, LALANNE C, Dutreix A . [Trial treatment of patients afflicted with acute leukemia in remission with total irradiation followed by homologous bone marrow transfusion]. Rev Fr Etud Clin Biol. 1959; 4:675-704. View

Rana S, Yue S, Stadel D, Zoller M . Toward tailored exosomes: the exosomal tetraspanin web contributes to target cell selection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012; 44(9):1574-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.018. View

Kowal J, Tkach M . Dendritic cell extracellular vesicles. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2019; 349:213-249. DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.005. View

Krishnamachary B, Cook C, Kumar A, Spikes L, Chalise P, Dhillon N . Extracellular vesicle-mediated endothelial apoptosis and EV-associated proteins correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021; 10(9):e12117. PMC: 8254805. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12117. View

Lefebvre F, Lecuyer E . Small Luggage for a Long Journey: Transfer of Vesicle-Enclosed Small RNA in Interspecies Communication. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:377. PMC: 5352665. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00377. View

10.

Xu H, Liao C, Liang S, Ye B . A Novel Peptide-Equipped Exosomes Platform for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021; 13(9):10760-10767. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00016. View

11.

Oeyen E, Van Mol K, Baggerman G, Willems H, Boonen K, Rolfo C . Ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography combined with asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation for the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles from urine. J Extracell Vesicles. 2018; 7(1):1490143. PMC: 6032024. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1490143. View

12.

Johnstone R, Bianchini A, Teng K . Reticulocyte maturation and exosome release: transferrin receptor containing exosomes shows multiple plasma membrane functions. Blood. 1989; 74(5):1844-51. View

13.

Vu L, Peng B, Zhang D, Ma V, Mathey-Andrews C, Lam C . Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles promote the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts via the transfer of microRNA-125b. J Extracell Vesicles. 2019; 8(1):1599680. PMC: 6484490. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1599680. View

14.

Weng J, Xiang X, Ding L, Wong A, Zeng Q, Sethi G . Extracellular vesicles, the cornerstone of next-generation cancer diagnosis?. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021; 74:105-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.011. View

15.

Devor E, Santillan D, Scroggins S, Warrier A, Santillan M . Trimester-specific plasma exosome microRNA expression profiles in preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019; 33(18):3116-3124. PMC: 7328825. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1569614. View

16.

Witwer K, van Balkom B, Bruno S, Choo A, Dominici M, Gimona M . Defining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications. J Extracell Vesicles. 2019; 8(1):1609206. PMC: 6493293. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1609206. View

17.

Xia X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang H, Lu H, Zheng J . Exosomal miRNAs in central nervous system diseases: biomarkers, pathological mediators, protective factors and therapeutic agents. Prog Neurobiol. 2019; 183:101694. PMC: 7323939. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101694. View

18.

Haney M, Klyachko N, Zhao Y, Gupta R, Plotnikova E, He Z . Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy. J Control Release. 2015; 207:18-30. PMC: 4430381. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.033. View

19.

Pham T, Jayasinghe M, Pham T, Yang Y, Wei L, Usman W . Covalent conjugation of extracellular vesicles with peptides and nanobodies for targeted therapeutic delivery. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021; 10(4):e12057. PMC: 7886705. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12057. View

20.

Perez P, Romaniuk M, Duette G, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Martin-Jaular L . Extracellular vesicles and chronic inflammation during HIV infection. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020; 8(1):1687275. PMC: 6963413. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1687275. View