Serum Vitamin D Levels and Dry Eye Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Case-Control Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Rural Haryana

Overview

Journal Int J Appl Basic Med Res

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Aug 24

PMID 37614839

Authors

Diksha Malik

Renu Garg

Sumita Sethi

Rajiv Mahendru

Sanjeet Singh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Despite the high prevalence of Vitamin-D insufficiency and high susceptibility to dry eye disease (DED) in postmenopausal women (PMW), correlation between DED and Vitamin D has not been explored in PMW in any Indian study.

Aims And Objectives: To explore the correlation between serum Vitamin D levels in PMW with and without DED, in a hospital-based population in rural Haryana.

Materials And Methods: Subjective (ocular surface disease index [OSDI] questionnaire) and objective clinical tests were undertaken for DED diagnosis. 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; insufficient (10-30 ng/ml) and deficient (<10 ng/ml). Descriptive statistics were analyzed by mean ± standard deviation for continuous and frequencies for the categorical variables; Student's -test used to find out mean difference in Vitamin D levels; < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: One hundred and forty PMW (60.1 ± 5.32 years) were included; Group-A (Controls; no DED; : 70); Group-B (Cases; DED diagnosed by OSDI scores; : 70); Subgroup-B1 (clinical tests negative; : 30) and B2 (clinical tests positive; : 40). There was no statistically significant difference in OSDI scores between B1 and B2. Significantly lower mean Vitamin D levels were found in cases (14.36 ± 4.08 ng/ml) as compared to controls (19.19 ± 6.4 ng/ml) ( = 0.001) and in B2 (13.15 ± 3.51 ng/ml) as compared to B1 (15.57 ± 4.66 ng/ml) ( = 0.01).

Conclusion: There were significantly low levels of Vitamin-D in clinically established DED. Evaluating Vitamin D levels as a part of the dry eye workup in PMW is recommended. OSDI scores were not aligned with the clinical test scores; questionnaire-based tests alone may not be sufficient for diagnosing DED.

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