A Review of Effect of Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation, Health and Performance of Ruminants

Overview

Journal Vet Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2023 Jul 28

PMID 37505855

Authors

Ahmed E Kholif

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Saponins are steroid, or triterpene glycoside, compounds found in plants and plant products, mainly legumes. However, some plants containing saponins are toxic. Saponins have both positive and negative roles in animal nutrition. Saponins have been shown to act as membrane-permeabilizing, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic, and defaunating agents in the rumen for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Moreover, it has been reported that saponins have impair protein digestion in the gut to interact with cholesterol in the cell membrane, cause cell rupture and selective ruminal protozoa elimination, thus improving N-use efficiency and resulting in a probable increase in ruminant animal performance.

Citing Articles

Seasonal and altitudinal dynamics in secondary metabolite composition of Commelina forage species in Konso zone, southern Ethiopia.

Gelgelo K, Kechero Y, Andualem D PLoS One. 2024; 19(11):e0314358.

PMID: 39591467 PMC: 11594514. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314358.

Effect of High-Tannin and -Polyphenol Plant Material Supplement on Rumen Fermentation, Nitrogen Partitioning and Nutrient Utilization in Beef Cattle.

Khejornsart P, Juntanam T, Gunun P, Gunun N, Cherdthong A Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(21).

PMID: 39518815 PMC: 11545557. DOI: 10.3390/ani14213092.

Antioxidant properties, anti-nutritive and toxic factors of Terminalia sericea in Onderstepoort.

Matlala T, Maseko R, Kgosana K Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2024; 91(1):e1-e15.

PMID: 39494643 PMC: 11538496. DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2172.

Lupin Seed Supplementation as a Functional Feed Additive: Ruminal Gas, Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production, Fermentation Kinetics, and Nutrient Degradability.

Morsy T, Kholif A, Adegbeye M, Olafadehan O, Gouda G, Fahmy M Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(14).

PMID: 39061582 PMC: 11273530. DOI: 10.3390/ani14142119.

Influence of Replacing Soybean Meal with Seed Meal on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, and Antioxidant Activity of Growing Lambs.

Hassan O, Hassaan N, Kholif A, Chahine M, Mousa G Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(13).

PMID: 38997990 PMC: 11240303. DOI: 10.3390/ani14131878.

References

Goel G, Makkar H . Methane mitigation from ruminants using tannins and saponins. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011; 44(4):729-39. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9966-2. View

Liu Y, Ma T, Chen D, Zhang N, Si B, Deng K . Effects of Tea Saponin Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Methanogenesis, and Ruminal Microbial Flora in Dorper Crossbred Ewe. Animals (Basel). 2019; 9(1). PMC: 6356566. DOI: 10.3390/ani9010029. View

Belanche A, Pinloche E, Preskett D, Newbold C . Effects and mode of action of chitosan and ivy fruit saponins on the microbiome, fermentation and methanogenesis in the rumen simulation technique. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2015; 92(1). PMC: 5831848. DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv160. View

Wanapat M, Phesatcha K, Viennasay B, Phesatcha B, Ampapon T, Kang S . Strategic supplementation of cassava top silage to enhance rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018; 50(7):1539-1546. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1593-8. View

Guyader J, Eugene M, Doreau M, Morgavi D, Gerard C, Martin C . Tea saponin reduced methanogenesis in vitro but increased methane yield in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2017; 100(3):1845-1855. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11644. View

Weimer P . Degradation of Cellulose and Hemicellulose by Ruminal Microorganisms. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(12). PMC: 9785684. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122345. View

Kim H, Lee H, Baek Y, Lee S, Seo J . The effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and production performance in ruminants: a meta-analysis. J Anim Sci Technol. 2020; 62(1):31-42. PMC: 7008120. DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.31. View

Botura M, dos Santos J, da Silva G, de Lima H, de Oliveira J, de Almeida M . In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Agave sisalana Perr. (sisal) on gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 192(1-3):211-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.10.012. View

Carter J, Spink J, Cannon P, Daniels M, Osbourn A . Isolation, characterization, and avenacin sensitivity of a diverse collection of cereal-root-colonizing fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999; 65(8):3364-72. PMC: 91506. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.8.3364-3372.1999. View

10.

Kozlowska M, Cieslak A, Jozwik A, El-Sherbiny M, Stochmal A, Oleszek W . The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production. J Sci Food Agric. 2019; 100(5):1922-1930. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10204. View

11.

Muetzel S, Hoffmann E, Becker K . Supplementation of barley straw with Sesbania pachycarpa leaves in vitro: effects on fermentation variables and rumen microbial population structure quantified by ribosomal RNA-targeted probes. Br J Nutr. 2003; 89(4):445-53. DOI: 10.1079/BJN2002813. View

12.

Guo Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Zhu W, Denman S, McSweeney C . Effect of tea saponin on methanogenesis, microbial community structure and expression of mcrA gene, in cultures of rumen micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009; 47(5):421-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02459.x. View

13.

Gunun P, Cherdthong A, Khejornsart P, Wanapat M, Polyorach S, Kang S . The Effect of Phytonutrients in Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats. Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(16). PMC: 9404407. DOI: 10.3390/ani12162022. View

14.

Barile E, Bonanomi G, Antignani V, Zolfaghari B, Sajjadi S, Scala F . Saponins from Allium minutiflorum with antifungal activity. Phytochemistry. 2006; 68(5):596-603. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.009. View

15.

Benchaar C, McAllister T, Chouinard P . Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. J Dairy Sci. 2008; 91(12):4765-77. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1338. View

16.

Newbold C, de la Fuente G, Belanche A, Ramos-Morales E, McEwan N . The Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6:1313. PMC: 4659874. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01313. View

17.

Cardozo P, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C . Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci. 2005; 83(11):2572-9. DOI: 10.2527/2005.83112572x. View

18.

Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K . The dynamics of major fibrolytic microbes and enzyme activity in the rumen in response to short- and long-term feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins. J Appl Microbiol. 2006; 100(1):114-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02746.x. View

19.

Newbold C, el Hassan S, Wang J, Ortega M, Wallace R . Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Br J Nutr. 1997; 78(2):237-49. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19970143. View

20.

Fleck J, Betti A, da Silva F, Troian E, Olivaro C, Ferreira F . Saponins from and : Particular Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activities. Molecules. 2019; 24(1). PMC: 6337100. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010171. View