Conceptual Frameworks of Barriers and Facilitators to Perinatal Mental Healthcare: the MATRIx Models

Overview

Journal BJPsych Open

Publisher Cambridge University Press

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2023 Jul 13

PMID 37439097

Authors

Rebecca Webb

Elizabeth Ford

Abigail Easter

Judy Shakespeare

Jennifer Holly

Sally Hogg

Rose Coates

Susan Ayers

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Perinatal mental health (PMH) problems are a leading cause of maternal death and increase the risk of poor outcomes for women and their families. It is therefore important to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing and accessing PMH care.

Aims: To develop a conceptual framework of barriers and facilitators to PMH care to inform PMH services.

Method: Relevant literature was systematically identified, categorised and mapped onto the framework. The framework was then validated through evaluating confidence with the evidence base and feedback from stakeholders (women and families, health professionals, commissioners and policy makers).

Results: Barriers and facilitators to PMH care were identified at seven levels: individual (e.g. beliefs about mental illness), health professional (e.g. confidence addressing perinatal mental illness), interpersonal (e.g. relationship between women and health professionals), organisational (e.g. continuity of carer), commissioner (e.g. referral pathways), political (e.g. women's economic status) and societal (e.g. stigma). The MATRIx conceptual frameworks provide pictorial representations of 66 barriers and 39 facilitators to PMH care.

Conclusions: The MATRIx frameworks highlight the complex interplay of individual and system-level factors across different stages of the care pathway that influence women accessing PMH care and effective implementation of PMH services. Recommendations are made for health policy and practice. These include using the conceptual frameworks to inform comprehensive, strategic and evidence-based approaches to PMH care; ensuring care is easy to access and flexible; providing culturally sensitive care; adequate funding of services and quality training for health professionals, with protected time to complete it.

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