Effects of Polysaccharides on Immunity and Metabolic Syndrome Associated with the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Review

Overview

Journal Foods

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2023 Jul 11

PMID 37430929

Authors

Cui Cao

Zhongfu Wang

Guiping Gong

Wenqi Huang

Linjuan Huang

Shuang Song

Beiwei Zhu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

polysaccharides (LBPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their multiple pharmacological activities and physiological functions. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the biological effects of dietary LBPs are related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Supplementation with LBPs could modulate the composition of microbial communities, and simultaneously influence the levels of active metabolites, thus exerting their beneficial effects on host health. Interestingly, LBPs with diverse chemical structures may enrich or reduce certain specific intestinal microbes. The present review summarizes the extraction, purification, and structural types of LBPs and the regulation effects of LBPs on the gut microbiome and their derived metabolites. Furthermore, the health promoting effects of LBPs on host bidirectional immunity (e.g., immune enhancement and immune inflammation suppression) and metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) by targeting gut microbiota are also discussed based on their structural types. The contents presented in this review might help to better understand the health benefits of LBPs targeting gut microbiota and provide a scientific basis to further clarify the structure-function relationship of LBPs.

Citing Articles

Dietary supplementation of polysaccharides alleviates soybean meal-induced enteritis in spotted sea bass .

Liu L, Zhao Y, Huang Z, Long Z, Qin H, Lin H Anim Nutr. 2025; 20:1-22.

PMID: 39949731 PMC: 11815959. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.005.

NF-κB pathway activation by Octopus peptide hydrolysate ameliorates gut dysbiosis and enhances immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced mice.

Ali M, Ullah H, Farooqui N, Deng T, Siddiqui N, Ilyas M Heliyon. 2024; 10(19):e38370.

PMID: 39403534 PMC: 11472078. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38370.

The effect of dietary supplementation of leaves on the growth performance, organ indexes and intestinal microflora of rats.

Guo Y, Liu J, Tuo Q, Zhang D, Wanapat M, Xin G Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1416793.

PMID: 39144075 PMC: 11322056. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1416793.

(Wolfberry) Branches and Leaves Enhance the Growth Performance and Improve the Rumen Microbiota in Hu Sheep.

Duan P, Rehemujiang H, Zhang L, Lu M, Li C, Hu L Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(11).

PMID: 38891656 PMC: 11171408. DOI: 10.3390/ani14111610.

The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways.

Jiang C, Chen Z, Liao W, Zhang R, Chen G, Ma L Plants (Basel). 2024; 13(11).

PMID: 38891336 PMC: 11174690. DOI: 10.3390/plants13111531.

References

Nicholson J, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W . Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science. 2012; 336(6086):1262-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.1223813. View

Duan C, Qiao S, Wang N, Zhao Y, Qi C, Yao X . [Studies on the active polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum L]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2003; 36(3):196-9. View

Koboziev I, Reinoso Webb C, Furr K, Grisham M . Role of the enteric microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013; 68:122-33. PMC: 3943931. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.008. View

Fan Y, Chi X, Yan L, Pu Z, Yang J, Zhang Y . polysaccharides regulate the gut microbiota to modulate metabolites in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2024; 26(9):1115-1129. DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2355130. View

Li X, Mo X, Liu T, Shao R, Teopiz K, McIntyre R . Efficacy of polysaccharide in adolescents with subthreshold depression: interim analysis of a randomized controlled study. Neural Regen Res. 2021; 17(7):1582-1587. PMC: 8771081. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330618. View

Gao Z, Ali Z, Khan I . Glycerogalactolipids from the fruit of Lycium barbarum. Phytochemistry. 2008; 69(16):2856-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.09.002. View

Sinha S, Haileselassie Y, Nguyen L, Tropini C, Wang M, Becker L . Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe. 2020; 27(4):659-670.e5. PMC: 8172352. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.021. View

Xiao T . Innate immunity and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016; 14(1):1-3. PMC: 5214945. DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.45. View

Tang H, Chen C, Wang S, Sun G . Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015; 77:235-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.026. View

10.

Clarke G, Stilling R, Kennedy P, Stanton C, Cryan J, Dinan T . Minireview: Gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ. Mol Endocrinol. 2014; 28(8):1221-38. PMC: 5414803. DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1108. View

11.

Thongaram T, Hoeflinger J, Chow J, Miller M . Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharide Metabolism by Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. J Agric Food Chem. 2017; 65(20):4184-4192. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00851. View

12.

Pan L, Fu T, Cheng H, Mi J, Shang Q, Yu G . Polysaccharide from edible alga Gloiopeltis furcata attenuates intestinal mucosal damage by therapeutically remodeling the interactions between gut microbiota and mucin O-glycans. Carbohydr Polym. 2022; 278:118921. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118921. View

13.

Shin N, Whon T, Bae J . Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota. Trends Biotechnol. 2015; 33(9):496-503. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.06.011. View

14.

Ding Y, Yan Y, Peng Y, Chen D, Mi J, Lu L . In vitro digestion under simulated saliva, gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation by human gut microbiota of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 125:751-760. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.081. View

15.

Hessle C, Andersson B, Wold A . Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria elicit different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes. Cytokine. 2005; 30(6):311-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.05.008. View

16.

Yang X, Bai H, Cai W, Li J, Zhou Q, Wang Y . Lycium barbarum polysaccharides reduce intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2013; 204(3):166-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.010. View

17.

Qu D, Wang G, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q . The effects of diet and gut microbiota on the regulation of intestinal mucin glycosylation. Carbohydr Polym. 2021; 258:117651. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117651. View

18.

Hayashi T, Ishida T, Motoya S, Itoh F, Takahashi T, Hinoda Y . Mucins and immune reactions to mucins in ulcerative colitis. Digestion. 2001; 63 Suppl 1:28-31. DOI: 10.1159/000051907. View

19.

Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, Seifan M, Mohkam M, Masoumi S . Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications. Foods. 2019; 8(3). PMC: 6463098. DOI: 10.3390/foods8030092. View

20.

Prade R . Xylanases: from biology to biotechnology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 1996; 13:101-31. DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1996.10647925. View