Non-Laboratory-Based Risk Prediction Tools for Undiagnosed Pre-Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Diagnostics (Basel)

Specialty Radiology

Date 2023 Apr 13

PMID 37046512

Authors

Will Ho-Gi Cheng

Yuqi Mi

Weinan Dong

Emily Tsui-Yee Tse

Carlos King-Ho Wong

Laura Elizabeth Bedford

Cindy Lo-Kuen Lam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Early detection of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) can prevent DM and related complications. This review examined studies on non-laboratory-based pre-DM risk prediction tools to identify important predictors and evaluate their performance. PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL were searched in February 2023. Studies that developed tools with: (1) pre-DM as a prediction outcome, (2) fasting/post-prandial blood glucose/HbA1c as outcome measures, and (3) non-laboratory predictors only were included. The studies' quality was assessed using the CASP Clinical Prediction Rule Checklist. Data on pre-DM definitions, predictors, validation methods, performances of the tools were extracted for narrative synthesis. A total of 6398 titles were identified and screened. Twenty-four studies were included with satisfactory quality. Eight studies (33.3%) developed pre-DM risk tools and sixteen studies (66.7%) focused on pre-DM and DM risks. Age, family history of DM, diagnosed hypertension and obesity measured by BMI and/or WC were the most common non-laboratory predictors. Existing tools showed satisfactory internal discrimination (AUROC: 0.68-0.82), sensitivity (0.60-0.89), and specificity (0.50-0.74). Only twelve studies (50.0%) had validated their tools externally, with a variance in the external discrimination (AUROC: 0.31-0.79) and sensitivity (0.31-0.92). Most non-laboratory-based risk tools for pre-DM detection showed satisfactory performance in their study populations. The generalisability of these tools was unclear since most lacked external validation.

Citing Articles

External validation of the Hong Kong Chinese non-laboratory risk models and scoring algorithm for case finding of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in primary care.

Cheng W, Dong W, Tse E, Wong C, Chin W, Bedford L J Diabetes Investig. 2024; 15(9):1317-1325.

PMID: 39212338 PMC: 11363091. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14256.

Recalibration of a Non-Laboratory-Based Risk Model to Estimate Pre-Diabetes/Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Primary Care in Hong Kong.

Cheng W, Dong W, Tse E, Chan L, Wong C, Chin W J Prim Care Community Health. 2024; 15():21501319241241188.

PMID: 38577788 PMC: 10996357. DOI: 10.1177/21501319241241188.

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