Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of a Mixed Culture of and on the Physicochemical and Quality Characteristics of Apple Cider Vinegar

Overview

Journal Front Nutr

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2023 Mar 31

PMID 36998906

Authors

Ya-Nan Li

Yue Luo

Zhen-Ming Lu

Yan-Lin Dong

Li-Juan Chai

Jin-Song Shi

Xiao-Juan Zhang

Zheng-Hong Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: This study compared differences in physicochemical characteristics of the vinegar made by a mixed culture (MC) of and and a pure culture (PC) of .

Methods: The fermentation process was monitored, and metabolomics analysis by Liquid Chromagraphy-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to the compositional differences between PC and MC vinegars, combined with quantification of organic acids, amino acids and B vitamins.

Results: A total of 71 differential metabolites including amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates, and six possible key metabolic pathways were identified. MC enhanced the malic acid utilization and pyruvate acid metabolism during fermentation, increasing substrate-level phosphorylation, and supplying more energy for cellular metabolism. Higher acidity at the beginning of acetic acid fermentation, resulting from lactic acid production by in MC, suppressed the cellular metabolism and growth of , but enhanced its alcohol metabolism and acetic acid production in MC. MC vinegar contained more vitamin B, total flavonoids, total organic acids, amino acids and had a higher antioxidant capacity. MC enhanced the volatile substances, particularly ethyl lactate, ethyl caprate and ethyl caproate, which contributed to a stronger fruity aroma.

Discussion: These results indicated the mixed culture in alcoholic fermentation can effectively enhance the flavor and quality of apple cider vinegar.

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