Effect of Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis on Vaccine Immunogenicity Against Wild-Type and Mutant Virus and COVID-19 Infection Among BNT162b2 Recipients

Overview

Journal Vaccines (Basel)

Date 2023 Mar 30

PMID 36992081

Authors

Ka Shing Cheung

Lok Ka Lam

Xianhua Mao

Jing Tong Tan

Poh Hwa Ooi

Ruiqi Zhang

Kwok Hung Chan

Ivan F N Hung

Wai Kay Seto

Man Fung Yuen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants and infection outcome, as data are lacking.

Methods: Recipients of two doses of BNT162b2 were prospectively recruited. Outcomes of interest were seroconversion of neutralizing antibody by live virus microneutralization (vMN) to SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild-type, delta and omicron variants) at day 21, 56 and 180 after first dose. Exposure of interest was moderate-to-severe NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 268 dB/M on transient elastography). We calculated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of infection with NAFLD by adjusting for age, sex, overweight/obesity, diabetes and antibiotic use.

Results: Of 259 BNT162b2 recipients (90 (34.7%) male; median age: 50.8 years (IQR: 43.6-57.8)), 68 (26.3%) had NAFLD. For wild type, there was no difference in seroconversion rate between NAFLD and control groups at day 21 (72.1% vs. 77.0%; = 0.42), day 56 (100% vs. 100%) and day 180 (100% and 97.2%; = 0.22), respectively. For the delta variant, there was no difference also at day 21 (25.0% vs. 29.5%; = 0.70), day 56 (100% vs. 98.4%; = 0.57) and day 180 (89.5% vs. 93.3%; = 0.58), respectively. For the omicron variant, none achieved seroconversion at day 21 and 180. At day 56, there was no difference in seroconversion rate (15.0% vs. 18.0%; = 0.76). NAFLD was not an independent risk factor of infection (aOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.68-3.24).

Conclusions: NAFLD patients receiving two doses of BNT162b2 had good immunogenicity to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the delta variant but not the omicron variant, and they were not at higher risk of infection compared with controls.

Citing Articles

Effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant.

Lam L, Tan J, Hwa Ooi P, Zhang R, Chan K, Mao X J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024; 39(11):2386-2393.

PMID: 39152762 PMC: 11618226. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16716.

Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac.

Zhang L, Tan J, Ng H, Liao Y, Zhang R, Chan K Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(4).

PMID: 38675747 PMC: 11055114. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040365.

Antibiotic Use Prior to COVID-19 Vaccine Is Associated with Higher Risk of COVID-19 and Adverse Outcomes: A Propensity-Scored Matched Territory-Wide Cohort.

Cheung K, Yan V, Lam L, Ye X, Hung I, Chan E Vaccines (Basel). 2023; 11(8).

PMID: 37631909 PMC: 10459914. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081341.

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