A Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Leaf Extract, Octenidine Dihydrochloride, and Sodium Hypochlorite As Intracanal Irrigants Against : An In Vitro Study

Overview

Journal Int J Dent

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2023 Mar 24

PMID 36960331

Authors

Afrah M Alharbi

Tahani M Alharbi

Mashael S Alqahtani

Fathy M Elfasakhany

Ibtesam K Afifi

Mona T Rajeh

Mohamed Fattouh

Laila Mohamed Mohamed Kenawi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the microbial efficacy of leaf extract, octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), NaOCl, and their combinations as intracanal irrigants against .

Materials And Methods: Sixty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated followed by root canal preparation. Each root specimen was autoclaved, inoculated with , and incubated at 37°C for 48 hr. Then, the specimens were divided into six groups based on the irrigation solution used: 2.5% NaOCl (Group 1), 0.1% OCT (Group 2), leaves extract (Group 3), a combination of extract and 1.25% NaOCl (Group 4), a combination of extract and OCT (Group 5) and normal saline (Group 6). Microbial samples were taken from each root canal before (S1) and after (S2) irrigation and the bacterial viability was assessed using colony-forming units (CFU) on bile esculin agar plates.

Results: Comparing the number of CFU/ml before and after irrigation showed a significant reduction ( < 0.001) in all studied groups. Comparison between the CFU/ml after irrigation by NaOCl and each of the combination groups showed a significant difference.

Conclusion: leaves extract and 0.1% OCT solutions have antibacterial effect against comparable to 2.5% NaOCl and might be used as root canal irrigants. The combination groups showed better antimicrobial activities than individual irrigants. However, further studies are required to investigate the biocompatibility and possible toxic effects of the tested irrigants.

Citing Articles

New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry.

Dumitrel S, Matichescu A, Dinu S, Buzatu R, Popovici R, Dinu D Molecules. 2024; 29(16).

PMID: 39202881 PMC: 11357206. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163802.

Thermosensitive hydrogel with programmed dual-octenidine release combating biofilm for the treatment of apical periodontitis.

Cheng Y, Huangfu Y, Zhao T, Wang L, Yang J, Liu J Regen Biomater. 2024; 11:rbae031.

PMID: 38605850 PMC: 11007118. DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae031.

: A Review of the Pharmacology, Chemical Constituents, and Application for Dental Health.

Amin M, Ariwibowo T, Putri S, Kurnia D Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024; 17(1).

PMID: 38276015 PMC: 10819732. DOI: 10.3390/ph17010142.

References

Tirali R, Bodur H, Ece G . In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate and octenidine dihydrochloride in elimination of microorganisms within dentinal tubules of primary and permanent teeth. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011; 17(3):e517-22. PMC: 3476099. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17566. View

Tirali R, Bodur H, Sipahi B, Sungurtekin E . Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite and octenidine hydrochloride in vitro. Aust Endod J. 2013; 39(1):15-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2010.00266.x. View

Murray P, Farber R, Namerow K, Kuttler S, Garcia-Godoy F . Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant. J Endod. 2007; 34(1):66-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.016. View

Dutta A, Kundabala M . Comparative anti-microbial efficacy of Azadirachta indica irrigant with standard endodontic irrigants: A preliminary study. J Conserv Dent. 2014; 17(2):133-7. PMC: 4001268. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.128047. View

Dametto F, Ferraz C, Gomes B, Zaia A, Teixeira F, de Souza-Filho F . In vitro assessment of the immediate and prolonged antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005; 99(6):768-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.08.026. View

Khademi A, Yazdizadeh M, Feizianfard M . Determination of the minimum instrumentation size for penetration of irrigants to the apical third of root canal systems. J Endod. 2006; 32(5):417-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.11.008. View

Tandjung L, Waltimo T, Hauser I, Heide P, Decker E, Weiger R . Octenidine in root canal and dentine disinfection ex vivo. Int Endod J. 2007; 40(11):845-51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01279.x. View

Peters O . Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004; 30(8):559-67. DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000129039.59003.9d. View

Mohammadi Z . Sodium hypochlorite in endodontics: an update review. Int Dent J. 2009; 58(6):329-41. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00354.x. View

10.

Cherian B, Gehlot P, Manjunath M . Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride and Chlorhexidine with and Without Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation - An Invitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(6):ZC71-7. PMC: 4963775. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17911.8021. View

11.

Berber V, Gomes B, Sena N, Vianna M, Ferraz C, Zaia A . Efficacy of various concentrations of NaOCl and instrumentation techniques in reducing Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J. 2006; 39(1):10-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01038.x. View

12.

de Lucena J, Decker E, Walter C, Boeira L, Lost C, Weiger R . Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis: chlorhexidine versus octenidine. Int Endod J. 2012; 46(1):53-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02093.x. View

13.

Stuart C, Schwartz S, Beeson T, Owatz C . Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 2006; 32(2):93-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.049. View

14.

Ghonmode W, Balsaraf O, Tambe V, Saujanya K, Patil A, Kakde D . Comparison of the antibacterial efficiency of neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. feacalis - An in vitro study. J Int Oral Health. 2014; 5(6):61-6. PMC: 3895719. View

15.

Luddin N, Ahmed H . The antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: A review on agar diffusion and direct contact methods. J Conserv Dent. 2013; 16(1):9-16. PMC: 3548356. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.105291. View

16.

Peixoto J, Silva G, Costa R, de Sousa Fontenelle J, Vieira G, Filho A . In vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(3):201-4. DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60069-2. View

17.

Sjogren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G . Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1998; 30(5):297-306. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.1997.00092.x. View

18.

Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y . Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2010; 54(2):291-312. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.12.001. View

19.

Tirali R, Turan Y, Akal N, Karahan Z . In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of NaOCl and Octenisept in elimination of endodontic pathogens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(5):e117-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.012. View

20.

Rana M, Jain V, Kaur P, Jalan P, Kapadia J, Shaikh I . Assessment of Impact of Various Root Canal Irrigants on the Adherence of the Gelatinase-producing and the Gelatinase-deficient Strains to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019; 20(1):46-50. View