Characterization of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 Influenza Seasons in Japan

Overview

Journal Viruses

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2023 Feb 28

PMID 36851749

Authors

Takuma Soga

Calvin Duong

David Pattinson

Yuko Sakai-Tagawa

Akifumi Tokita

Naomi Izumida

Tamon Nishino

Haruhisa Hagiwara

Noriyuki Wada

Yumi Miyamoto

Haruo Kuroki

Yuka Hayashi

Masafumi Seki

Natsuko Kasuya

Michiko Koga

Eisuke Adachi

Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto

Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi

Seiya Yamayoshi

Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that emerged in 2009 causes seasonal epidemic worldwide. The virus acquired several amino acid substitutions that were responsible for antigenic drift until the 2018-2019 influenza season. Viruses possessing mutations in the NA and PA proteins that cause reduced susceptibility to NA inhibitors and baloxavir marboxil, respectively, have been detected after antiviral treatment, albeit infrequently. Here, we analyzed HA, NA, and PA sequences derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that were isolated during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons in Japan. We found that A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the D187A and Q189E substitutions in HA emerged and dominated during the 2019-2020 season; these substitutions in the antigenic site Sb, a high potency neutralizing antibody-eliciting site for humans, changed the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Furthermore, we found that isolates possessing the N156K substitution, which was predicted to affect the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus at the laboratory level, were detected at a frequency of 1.0% in the 2018-2019 season but 10.1% in the 2019-2020 season. These findings indicate that two kinds of antigenically drifted viruses-N156K and D187A/Q189E viruses-co-circulated during the 2019-2020 influenza season in Japan.

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