The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Feb 25

PMID 36835987

Authors

Agata Czarnywojtek

Ewa Florek

Krzysztof Pietronczyk

Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj

Marek Ruchala

Ohad Ronen

Iain J Nixon

Ashok R Shaha

Juan Pablo Rodrigo

Ralph Patrick Tufano

Mark Zafereo

Gregory William Randolph

Alfio Ferlito

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, recent studies show that, thanks to the presence of numerous receptors, VitD may also play an important role in regulating the immune system. VitD deficiency has been demonstrated to impact autoimmune disease, coeliac disease, infections (including respiratory/COVID-19), and patients with cancer. Recent studies also show that VitD plays a significant role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Many studies have shown a correlation between low VitD levels and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis - Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), and postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). This review article, therefore, describes the current state of knowledge on the role of VitD in AITDs, including HT, GD, and PTT.

Citing Articles

The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis-Review.

Cyna W, Wojciechowska A, Szybiak-Skora W, Lacka K Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8).

PMID: 39200253 PMC: 11351723. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081788.

The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function.

Shulhai A, Rotondo R, Petraroli M, Patianna V, Predieri B, Iughetti L Nutrients. 2024; 16(15).

PMID: 39125376 PMC: 11314468. DOI: 10.3390/nu16152496.

Assessment of Vitamin Concentrations in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Their Relationships with Thyroid Function, Biochemical Status, and Anthropometric Parameters-A Preliminary Study.

Mikulska-Sauermann A, Resztak M, Karazniewicz-Lada M, Filipowicz D, Ruchala M, Glowka F Nutrients. 2024; 16(11).

PMID: 38892627 PMC: 11174579. DOI: 10.3390/nu16111694.

Cyclodextrins and their potential applications for delivering vitamins, iron, and iodine for improving micronutrient status.

Saffarionpour S, Diosady L Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2024; 15(1):26-65.

PMID: 38671315 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01586-x.

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D.

Dura-Trave T, Gallinas-Victoriano F Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(6).

PMID: 38542128 PMC: 10969999. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063154.

References

Taheriniya S, Arab A, Hadi A, Fadel A, Askari G . Vitamin D and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021; 21(1):171. PMC: 8381493. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00831-5. View

Rotondi M, Chiovato L . Vitamin D deficiency in patients with Graves' disease: probably something more than a casual association. Endocrine. 2012; 43(1):3-5. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9776-y. View

Holick M, Binkley N, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Gordon C, Hanley D, Heaney R . Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(7):1911-30. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0385. View

Mackawy A, Al-Ayed B, Al-Rashidi B . Vitamin d deficiency and its association with thyroid disease. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2014; 7(3):267-75. PMC: 3921055. DOI: 10.12816/0006054. View

Mangaraj S, Choudhury A, Swain B, Sarangi P, Mohanty B, Baliarsinha A . Evaluation of Vitamin D Status and its Impact on Thyroid Related Parameters in New Onset Graves' Disease- A Cross-sectional Observational Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 23(1):35-39. PMC: 6446662. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_183_18. View

Wang X, Zynat J, Guo Y, Osiman R, Tuhuti A, Zhao H . Low Serum Vitamin D Is Associated with Anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody in Female Individuals. Int J Endocrinol. 2015; 2015:285290. PMC: 4670662. DOI: 10.1155/2015/285290. View

Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber T, Amrein K . Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients. 2013; 5(7):2502-21. PMC: 3738984. DOI: 10.3390/nu5072502. View

Zhang H, Liang L, Xie Z . Low Vitamin D Status is Associated with Increased Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibody Titer in Graves Disease. Endocr Pract. 2014; 21(3):258-63. DOI: 10.4158/EP14191.OR. View

. Vitamin D supplement in early childhood and risk for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Diabetologia. 1999; 42(1):51-4. DOI: 10.1007/s001250051112. View

10.

Evliyaoglu O, Acar M, Ozcabi B, Erginoz E, Bucak F, Ercan O . Vitamin D Deficiency and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Children and Adolescents: a Critical Vitamin D Level for This Association?. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015; 7(2):128-33. PMC: 4563184. DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2011. View

11.

Chopra D, Wool M, Crosson A, Sawin C . Riedel's struma associated with subacute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978; 46(6):869-71. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-46-6-869. View

12.

Ahn H, Chung Y, Cho B . Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be an independent prognostic factor for Graves disease recurrence. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(31):e7700. PMC: 5626158. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007700. View

13.

Schuster I . Cytochromes P450 are essential players in the vitamin D signaling system. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010; 1814(1):186-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.06.022. View

14.

Chahardoli R, Saboor-Yaraghi A, Amouzegar A, Khalili D, Vakili A, Azizi F . Can Supplementation with Vitamin D Modify Thyroid Autoantibodies (Anti-TPO Ab, Anti-Tg Ab) and Thyroid Profile (T3, T4, TSH) in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Horm Metab Res. 2019; 51(5):296-301. DOI: 10.1055/a-0856-1044. View

15.

Altieri B, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Mathieu C, Vallone C, Mascitelli L . Does vitamin D play a role in autoimmune endocrine disorders? A proof of concept. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017; 18(3):335-346. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9405-9. View

16.

Maciejewski A, Wojcicka M, Roszak M, Losy J, Lacka K . Assessment of Vitamin D Level in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients and a Control Group in the Polish Population. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2016; 24(5):801-6. DOI: 10.17219/acem/29183. View

17.

Chailurkit L, Aekplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B . High vitamin D status in younger individuals is associated with low circulating thyrotropin. Thyroid. 2012; 23(1):25-30. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0001. View

18.

Nguyen C, Mestman J . Postpartum Thyroiditis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 62(2):359-364. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000430. View

19.

Planck T, Shahida B, Malm J, Manjer J . Vitamin D in Graves Disease: Levels, Correlation with Laboratory and Clinical Parameters, and Genetics. Eur Thyroid J. 2018; 7(1):27-33. PMC: 5836255. DOI: 10.1159/000484521. View

20.

Wierzbicka J, Piotrowska A, Zmijewski M . The renaissance of vitamin D. Acta Biochim Pol. 2015; 61(4):679-86. View