Solid-State Fermentation of Spp.: A New Way to Valorize the Agricultural Digestate and Produce Value-Added Bioproducts

Overview

Journal J Agric Food Chem

Specialties Chemistry
Nutritional Sciences

Date 2023 Feb 3

PMID 36735958

Authors

Daniela Bulgari

Carlotta Alias

Gregorio Peron

Giovanni Ribaudo

Alessandra Gianoncelli

Salvatore Savino

Houda Boureghda

Zouaoui Bouznad

Eugenio Monti

Emanuela Gobbi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In this study, the agricultural digestate from anaerobic biogas production mixed with food wastes was used as a substrate to grow RUT-C30 and Ta13 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and produce high-value bioproducts, such as bioactive molecules to be used as ingredients for biostimulants. The spp. reached their maximum growth after 6 and 3 SSF days, respectively. Both species were able to produce cellulase, esterase, and citric and malic acids, while also produced gibberellins and oxylipins as shown by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) profiling. Experimental evaluation of germination parameters highlighted a significant promotion of tomato seed germination and root elongation induced by crude extracts from SSF. This study suggests an innovative sustainable use of the whole digestate mixed with agro-food waste as a valuable substrate in fungal biorefineries. Here, it has been applied to produce plant growth-promoting fungi and bioactive molecules for sustainable agriculture.

Citing Articles

Utilising common bean and strawberry vegetative wastes in yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) substrates: effects of pre-treatment on growth and composition.

Yakti W, Schulz S, Forster N, Deruytter D, Muller M, Mewis I Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):7772.

PMID: 40044737 PMC: 11883020. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91732-3.

Solid-state fermentation of hemp waste: enhancing the performance of larvae and altering the composition of hemp secondary metabolites.

Yakti W, Forster N, Muller M, Beck S, Schulz S, Mewis I Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025; 13:1449233.

PMID: 39926358 PMC: 11802502. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1449233.

Bioconversion of Food and Green Waste into Valuable Compounds Using Solid-State Fermentation in Nonsterile Conditions.

Bulgari D, Gobbi E, Cortesi P, Peron G Plants (Basel). 2025; 13(24.

PMID: 39771192 PMC: 11728819. DOI: 10.3390/plants13243494.

The Use of Fungi of the Genus in Anaerobic Digestion: A Review.

Kubiak A, Pilarska A, Wolna-Maruwka A, Niewiadomska A, Panasiewicz K Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(24).

PMID: 38139408 PMC: 10743432. DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417576.

Solid-State Fermentation: Applications and Future Perspectives for Biostimulant and Biopesticides Production.

Mattedi A, Sabbi E, Farda B, Djebaili R, Mitra D, Ercole C Microorganisms. 2023; 11(6).

PMID: 37374910 PMC: 10304952. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061408.

References

Eraky M, Elsayed M, Qyyum M, Ai P, Tawfik A . A new cutting-edge review on the bioremediation of anaerobic digestate for environmental applications and cleaner bioenergy. Environ Res. 2022; 213:113708. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113708. View

Morgunov I, Kamzolova S, Dedyukhina E, Chistyakova T, Lunina J, Mironov A . Application of organic acids for plant protection against phytopathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017; 101(3):921-932. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8067-6. View

Iacovidou E, Vlachopoulou M, Mallapaty S, Ohandja D, Gronow J, Voulvoulis N . Anaerobic digestion in municipal solid waste management: part of an integrated, holistic and sustainable solution. Waste Manag. 2013; 33(5):1035-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.010. View

Yakhin O, Lubyanov A, Yakhin I, Brown P . Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective. Front Plant Sci. 2017; 7:2049. PMC: 5266735. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02049. View

Chatterjee S, Venkata Mohan S . Fungal biorefinery for sustainable resource recovery from waste. Bioresour Technol. 2021; 345:126443. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126443. View

Xia A, Murphy J . Microalgal Cultivation in Treating Liquid Digestate from Biogas Systems. Trends Biotechnol. 2016; 34(4):264-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.12.010. View

Bulgari D, Fiorini L, Gianoncelli A, Bertuzzi M, Gobbi E . Enlightening Gliotoxin Biological System in Agriculturally Relevant spp. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:200. PMC: 7080844. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00200. View

Woo S, Hermosa R, Lorito M, Monte E . Trichoderma: a multipurpose, plant-beneficial microorganism for eco-sustainable agriculture. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022; 21(5):312-326. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00819-5. View

Vrabl P, Schinagl C, Artmann D, Heiss B, Burgstaller W . Fungal Growth in Batch Culture - What We Could Benefit If We Start Looking Closer. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:2391. PMC: 6805767. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02391. View

10.

Bulgari D, Montagna M, Gobbi E, Faoro F . Green Technology: Bacteria-Based Approach Could Lead to Unsuspected Microbe⁻Plant⁻Animal Interactions. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(2). PMC: 6406919. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020044. View

11.

Wang K, Borrego E, Kenerley C, Kolomiets M . Oxylipins Other Than Jasmonic Acid Are Xylem-Resident Signals Regulating Systemic Resistance Induced by in Maize. Plant Cell. 2019; 32(1):166-185. PMC: 6961617. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00487. View

12.

Liu S, Lo C, Shibu M, Leu Y, Jen B, Peng K . Study on the anthraquinones separated from the cultivation of Trichoderma harzianum strain Th-R16 and their biological activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2009; 57(16):7288-92. DOI: 10.1021/jf901405c. View

13.

Marx I, van Wyk N, Smit S, Jacobson D, Viljoen-Bloom M, Volschenk H . Comparative secretome analysis of Trichoderma asperellum S4F8 and Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 during solid-state fermentation on sugarcane bagasse. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2013; 6(1):172. PMC: 4177139. DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-172. View

14.

Lamolinara B, Perez-Martinez A, Guardado-Yordi E, Guillen Fiallos C, Dieguez-Santana K, Ruiz-Mercado G . Anaerobic digestate management, environmental impacts, and techno-economic challenges. Waste Manag. 2022; 140:14-30. PMC: 10466263. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.035. View

15.

Anson M . THE ESTIMATION OF PEPSIN, TRYPSIN, PAPAIN, AND CATHEPSIN WITH HEMOGLOBIN. J Gen Physiol. 2009; 22(1):79-89. PMC: 2213732. DOI: 10.1085/jgp.22.1.79. View

16.

Rodriguez P, Cerda A, Font X, Sanchez A, Artola A . Valorisation of biowaste digestate through solid state fermentation to produce biopesticides from Bacillus thuringiensis. Waste Manag. 2019; 93:63-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.026. View

17.

Alias C, Bulgari D, Bilo F, Borgese L, Gianoncelli A, Ribaudo G . Food Waste-Assisted Metal Extraction from Printed Circuit Boards: The Route. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(5). PMC: 8143491. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050895. View

18.

Salazar-Cerezo S, Martinez-Montiel N, Garcia-Sanchez J, Perez-Y-Terron R, Martinez-Contreras R . Gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism: A convergent route for plants, fungi and bacteria. Microbiol Res. 2018; 208:85-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.010. View

19.

Rush T, Shrestha H, Gopalakrishnan Meena M, Spangler M, Ellis J, Labbe J . Bioprospecting : A Systematic Roadmap to Screen Genomes and Natural Products for Biocontrol Applications. Front Fungal Biol. 2023; 2:716511. PMC: 10512312. DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.716511. View

20.

Daryaei A, Jones E, Ghazalibiglar H, Glare T, Falloon R . Effects of temperature, light and incubation period on production, germination and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride. J Appl Microbiol. 2016; 120(4):999-1009. DOI: 10.1111/jam.13076. View