What is the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in People with Type-2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

Overview

Journal BMC Endocr Disord

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2023 Jan 16

PMID 36647067

Authors

Mohammad Ashraf Farahmand

Elnaz Daneshzad

Teresa T Fung

Fawzia Zahidi

Maryam Muhammadi

Nick Bellissimo

Leila Azadbakht

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: There is conflicting evidence on the effect of vitamin D on glycemic control. Therefore, in the current meta-analyses, we aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in electronic databases including; PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and NIH's Clinical Trials Registry, from the inception of each database up to January first, 2021.

Results: A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consisting of 2164 intervention subjects and 2149 placebo controls were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analyses for HbA1c showed a significant change between the intervention and placebo group, the weighted mean difference (WMD)(95% confidence interval(CI)) was -0.20%(-0.29, -0.11) with P < 0.001. Analyses for assessing changes in FPG found a significant reduction in the intervention group after vitamin D supplementation, the WMD (95%CI) was -5.02 mg/dl (-6.75,-3.28) with P < 0.001. The result of pooled analyses for HOMA-IR revealed a significant change between the intervention and control group, the WMD (95%CI) was -0.42(-0.76, -0.07) with P = 0.019. The subgroup analyses showed the most efficacy in a higher dose and short intervention period and in subjects with deficient vitamin D status.

Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation might be beneficial for the reduction of FPG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetes patients with deficient vitamin D status. This effect was especially prominent when vitamin D was given in large doses and for a short period of time albeit with substantial heterogeneity between studies and a probability of publication bias.

Citing Articles

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications-A Narrative Review.

Fuentes-Barria H, Aguilera-Eguia R, Flores-Fernandez C, Angarita-Davila L, Rojas-Gomez D, Alarcon-Rivera M Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(5).

PMID: 40076782 PMC: 11900948. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26052153.

Naturopathic Management to Taper Off Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Report.

Linder L Integr Med (Encinitas). 2025; 24(1):26-30.

PMID: 39896831 PMC: 11778319.

The prevention and improvement effects of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from an umbrella review on Meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

Cheng L, Lv C, Xue L, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang X Front Nutr. 2024; 11:1462535.

PMID: 39525505 PMC: 11543531. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1462535.

Vitamin D Supplementation: Shedding Light on the Role of the Sunshine Vitamin in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications.

Vasdeki D, Tsamos G, Dimakakos E, Patriarcheas V, Koufakis T, Kotsa K Nutrients. 2024; 16(21).

PMID: 39519484 PMC: 11547801. DOI: 10.3390/nu16213651.

Multifaceted Roles of Vitamin D for Diabetes: From Immunomodulatory Functions to Metabolic Regulations.

Park C, Shin S, Han S Nutrients. 2024; 16(18).

PMID: 39339785 PMC: 11435169. DOI: 10.3390/nu16183185.

References

Witham M, Dove F, Dryburgh M, Sugden J, Morris A, Struthers A . The effect of different doses of vitamin D(3) on markers of vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2010; 53(10):2112-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1838-1. View

Breslavsky A, Frand J, Matas Z, Boaz M, Barnea Z, Shargorodsky M . Effect of high doses of vitamin D on arterial properties, adiponectin, leptin and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Nutr. 2013; 32(6):970-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.01.020. View

Zhao L, Tian X, Ge J, Xu Y . Vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Afr Health Sci. 2014; 13(4):1130-8. PMC: 4056501. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.38. View

Upreti V, Maitri V, Dhull P, Handa A, Prakash M, Behl A . Effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with coexisting hypovitaminosis D: A parellel group placebo controlled randomized controlled pilot study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018; 12(4):509-512. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.008. View

. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003; 27 Suppl 1:S5-S10. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.2007.s5. View

Ahmed L, Butler A, Dargham S, Latif A, Robay A, Chidiac O . Association of vitamin D and D with type 2 diabetes complications. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020; 20(1):65. PMC: 7227254. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00549-w. View

Ramtahal R, Khan C, Maharaj-Khan K, Nallamothu S, Hinds A, Dhanoo A . Prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleep habits in type 2 diabetes patients in South Trinidad. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2015; 5(4 Suppl 1):S35-43. PMC: 4666733. DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.05.003. View

Furusyo N, Koga T, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Kohzuma T, Ikezaki H . Utility of glycated albumin for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population study: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS). Diabetologia. 2011; 54(12):3028-36. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2310-6. View

Nasri H, Behradmanesh S, Maghsoudi A, Ahmadi A, Nasri P, Rafieian-Kopaei M . Efficacy of supplementary vitamin D on improvement of glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; a randomized double blind clinical trial. J Renal Inj Prev. 2014; 3(1):31-4. PMC: 4206038. DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2014.10. View

10.

Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G, Rami T, Brancati F, Powe N . Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 141(6):421-31. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00007. View

11.

Baziar N, Jafarian K, Shadman Z, Qorbani M, Khoshniat Nikoo M, Mishani M . Effect of therapeutic dose of vitamin d on serum adiponectin and glycemia in vitamin d-insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015; 16(9):e21458. PMC: 4270651. DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21458. View

12.

Dai J, Yu M, Chen H, Chai Y . Association Between Serum 25-OH-Vitamin D and Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Nutr. 2020; 7:109. PMC: 7493196. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00109. View

13.

Maggi S, Siviero P, Brocco E, Albertin M, Romanato G, Crepaldi G . Vitamin D deficiency, serum leptin and osteoprotegerin levels in older diabetic patients: an input to new research avenues. Acta Diabetol. 2013; 51(3):461-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0540-4. View

14.

Khan D, Jamil A, Randhawa F, Butt N, Malik U . Efficacy of oral vitamin D on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetics having vitamin D deficiency - A randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018; 68(5):694-697. View

15.

Gulseth H, Gjelstad I, Birkeland K, Drevon C . Vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2013; 11(6):968-84. DOI: 10.2174/15701611113119990169. View

16.

Mittman N, Desiraju B, Fazil I, Kapupara H, Chattopadhyay J, Jani C . Serum fructosamine versus glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of glycemic control, hospitalization, and infection in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 2010; (117):S41-5. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.193. View

17.

Krul-Poel Y, Westra S, Boekel E, Ter Wee M, van Schoor N, van Wijland H . Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (SUNNY Trial): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(8):1420-6. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-0323. View

18.

El Hajj C, Walrand S, Helou M, Yammine K . Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Lebanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7). PMC: 7400886. DOI: 10.3390/nu12072033. View

19.

Butler A, Dargham S, Latif A, Mokhtar H, Robay A, Chidiac O . Association of vitamin D and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020; 11:2040622320924159. PMC: 7534081. DOI: 10.1177/2040622320924159. View

20.

Mojiminiyi O, Abdella N . Effect of homeostasis model assessment computational method on the definition and associations of insulin resistance. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010; 48(11):1629-34. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.303. View