Echocardiography Protocol: A Tool for Infrequently Used Parameters in Mice

Overview

Journal Front Cardiovasc Med

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2023 Jan 9

PMID 36620641

Authors

Emily Ann Todd

Monique Williams

Ali Kamiar

Monica Anne Rasmussen

Lina A Shehadeh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Echocardiography is frequently used to evaluate cardiac function in rodent models of cardiovascular disease. Whereas methods to acquire the commonly used echocardiography parameters are well-described in published protocols or manuals, many important parameters are ill-defined and often open to subjective interpretation. Such lack of uniformity has engendered conflicting interpretations of the same parameters in published literature. In particular, parameters such as mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, pulmonary regurgitation, and aortic regurgitation that are required to define more esoteric etiologies in rarer mouse models often remain equivocal. The aim of this methods paper is to provide a practical guide to the acquisition and interpretation of infrequently used echocardiography parameters and set a framework for comprehensive analyses of right ventricle (RV), pulmonary artery (PA) pulmonary valve (PV), left atrium (LA), mitral valve (MV), and aortic valve (AoV) structure and function.

Citing Articles

Realistic Aspects of Cardiac Ultrasound in Rats: Practical Tips for Improved Examination.

Silva J, Azevedo T, Ginja M, Oliveira P, Duarte J, Faustino-Rocha A J Imaging. 2024; 10(9).

PMID: 39330439 PMC: 11433567. DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10090219.

Combined Endurance and Resistance Exercise Mitigates Age-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction.

Han X, Ashraf M, Shi H, Nkembo A, Tipparaju S, Xuan W Adv Biol (Weinh). 2024; :e2400137.

PMID: 38773896 PMC: 11579252. DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400137.

Ca oscillation in vascular smooth muscle cells control myogenic spontaneous vasomotion and counteract post-ischemic no-reflow.

Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang W, Xie H, Ruan J Commun Biol. 2024; 7(1):332.

PMID: 38491167 PMC: 10942987. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06010-1.

A systematic methodology for epicardial and epiaortic echocardiography in swine research models.

Galbas M, Meissner F, Asmussen A, Straky H, Schimmel M, Reuter J Health Sci Rep. 2024; 7(1):e1777.

PMID: 38186934 PMC: 10767764. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1777.

References

Irion C, Williams M, Capcha J, Eisenberg T, Lambert G, Takeuchi L . Mice on Balb/C Background Have Less Severe Cardiorespiratory Phenotype and SGLT2 Over-Expression Compared to 129x1/SvJ and C57Bl/6 Backgrounds. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(12). PMC: 9223785. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126674. View

Tan C, Rubenson D, Srivastava A, Mohan R, Smith M, Billick K . Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral outperforms ejection fraction and Doppler-derived cardiac output for predicting outcomes in a select advanced heart failure cohort. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2017; 15(1):18. PMC: 5496262. DOI: 10.1186/s12947-017-0109-4. View

El Hajj M, Viray M, Tedford R . Right Heart Failure: A Hemodynamic Review. Cardiol Clin. 2020; 38(2):161-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.01.001. View

Kohut A, Patel N, Singh H . Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle in Murine Models. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2016; 24(3):229-238. PMC: 5050312. DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2016.24.3.229. View

Yamashita S, Suzuki T, Iguchi K, Sakamoto T, Tomita K, Yokoo H . Cardioprotective and functional effects of levosimendan and milrinone in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2018; 391(9):1021-1032. DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1527-z. View

Bhattacharya P, Troutman G, Mao F, Fox A, Tanna M, Zamani P . Right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral-to-pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio: a non-invasive metric of pulmonary arterial compliance differs across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ. 2019; 9(2):2045894019841978. PMC: 6540515. DOI: 10.1177/2045894019841978. View

Tovar Perez J, Ortiz-Urbina J, Heredia C, Pham T, Madala S, Hartley C . Aortic acceleration as a noninvasive index of left ventricular contractility in the mouse. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):536. PMC: 7804023. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79866-y. View

Brittain E, Penner N, West J, Hemnes A . Echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in mice. J Vis Exp. 2013; (81). PMC: 3992116. DOI: 10.3791/50912. View

Moran C, Inglis S, McBride K, McLeod C, Pye S . The Imaging Performance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Scanners Using the Edinburgh Pipe Phantom to Measure the Resolution Integral - 15 Years of Experience. Ultraschall Med. 2020; 43(4):393-402. DOI: 10.1055/a-1194-3818. View

10.

Colazzo F, Castiglioni L, Sironi L, Fontana L, Nobili E, Franzosi M . Murine left atrium and left atrial appendage structure and function: echocardiographic and morphologic evaluation. PLoS One. 2015; 10(4):e0125541. PMC: 4415937. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125541. View

11.

Gamaza-Chulian S, Diaz-Retamino E, Camacho-Freire S, Ruiz-Fernandez D, Gutierrez-Barrios A, Oneto-Otero J . Acceleration Time and Ratio of Acceleration Time to Ejection Time in Aortic Stenosis: New Echocardiographic Diagnostic Parameters. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017; 30(10):947-955. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.06.001. View

12.

Barbier P, Solomon S, Schiller N, Glantz S . Left atrial relaxation and left ventricular systolic function determine left atrial reservoir function. Circulation. 1999; 100(4):427-36. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.4.427. View

13.

Thibault H, Kurtz B, Raher M, Shaik R, Waxman A, Derumeaux G . Noninvasive assessment of murine pulmonary arterial pressure: validation and application to models of pulmonary hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010; 3(2):157-63. PMC: 3075498. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.109.887109. View

14.

Hsu W, Tseng Y, Jui H, Kuo C, Wu K, Lee C . 5-Methoxytryptophan attenuates postinfarct cardiac injury by controlling oxidative stress and immune activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021; 158:101-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.014. View

15.

Medrano G, Hermosillo-Rodriguez J, Pham T, Granillo A, Hartley C, Reddy A . Left Atrial Volume and Pulmonary Artery Diameter Are Noninvasive Measures of Age-Related Diastolic Dysfunction in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015; 71(9):1141-50. PMC: 6080426. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv143. View

16.

Thandavarayan R, Chitturi K, Guha A . Pathophysiology of Acute and Chronic Right Heart Failure. Cardiol Clin. 2020; 38(2):149-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.01.009. View

17.

Shah M, Phillips M, Quintana M, Stupp G, E McLean S . Echocardiography allows for analysis of pulmonary arterial flow in mice with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Surg Res. 2017; 221:35-42. PMC: 5912803. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.080. View

18.

Li S, Nguyen N, Xiao F, Menendez-Montes I, Nakada Y, Tan W . Mechanism of Eccentric Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Secondary to Severe Mitral Regurgitation. Circulation. 2020; 141(22):1787-1799. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043939. View