Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2023 Jan 8

PMID 36613462

Authors

Beatrice Dufrusine

Silvia Valentinuzzi

Sandra Bibbo

Verena Damiani

Paola Lanuti

Damiana Pieragostino

Piero Del Boccio

Ersilia DAlessandro

Alberto Rabottini

Alessandro Berghella

Nerino Allocati

Katia Falasca

Claudio Ucciferri

Francesco Mucedola

Marco Di Perna

Laura Martino

Jacopo Vecchiet

Vincenzo De Laurenzi

Enrico Dainese

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.

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