Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: Challenges, Achievements, and Futuristic Prospects

Overview

Journal Vaccines (Basel)

Date 2022 Dec 23

PMID 36560420

Authors

Madhu Gupta

Abhishek Wahi

Priyanka Sharma

Riya Nagpal

Neha Raina

Monika Kaurav

Jaydeep Bhattacharya

Sonia M Rodrigues Oliveira

Karma G Dolma

Alok K Paul

Maria de Lourdes Pereira

Polrat Wilairatana

Mohammed Rahmatullah

Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cancer is a chronic disease, and it can be lethal due to limited therapeutic options. The conventional treatment options for cancer have numerous challenges, such as a low blood circulation time as well as poor solubility of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic cancer vaccines emerged to try to improve anticancer drugs' efficiency and to deliver them to the target site. Cancer vaccines are considered a viable therapeutic technique for most solid tumors. Vaccines boost antitumor immunity by delivering tumor antigens, nucleic acids, entire cells, and peptides. Cancer vaccines are designed to induce long-term antitumor memory, causing tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual illness, and prevent non-specific or unpleasant effects. These vaccines can assist in the elimination of cancer cells from various organs or organ systems in the body, with minimal risk of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Vaccines and antigens for anticancer therapy are discussed in this review, including current vaccine adjuvants and mechanisms of action for various types of vaccines, such as DNA- or mRNA-based cancer vaccines. Potential applications of these vaccines focusing on their clinical use for better therapeutic efficacy are also discussed along with the latest research available in this field.

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