Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2022 Dec 23

PMID 36552645

Authors

Kittiya Phinyo

Khomsan Ruangrit

Jeeraporn Pekkoh

Yingmanee Tragoolpua

Thida Kaewkod

Kritsana Duangjan

Chayakorn Pumas

Nakarin Suwannarach

Jaturong Kumla

Wasu Pathom-Aree

Wenhui Gu

Guangce Wang

Sirasit Srinuanpan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are rich in phytochemicals, which have beneficial impacts on the prevention of many diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize phytochemicals and evaluate multifunctional bioactivities in the ethanolic extract of the cyanobacterium sp. KC45. Results found that the extract mainly contained chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 38 phenolic compounds with promising bioactivities were discovered, and a higher diversity of flavonoids was found among the phenolic compounds identified. The extract effectively absorbed the harmful UV rays and showed high antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS, and PFRAP. The extract yielded high-efficiency inhibitory effects on enzymes (tyrosinase, collagenase, ACE, and α-glucosidase) related to diseases. Interestingly, the extract showed a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells (skin A375, lung A549, and colon Caco-2), but had a much smaller effect on normal cells, indicating a satisfactory level of safety for the extract. More importantly, the combination of the DNA ladder assay and the TUNEL assay proved the appearance of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells after a 48 h treatment with the extract, confirming the apoptosis mechanisms. Our findings suggest that cyanobacterium extract could be potentially used as a functional ingredient for various industrial applications in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.

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