High-throughput Analysis of Polyethoxylated Tallow Amine Homologs in Citrus Using a Modified QuEChERS-HILIC-MS Method

Overview

Journal Front Nutr

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2022 Dec 19

PMID 36532553

Authors

Minjie Li

Hongping Wang

Simeng Li

Xueying Chen

Maojun Jin

Hua Shao

Jing Wang

Fen Jin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A new method is described based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC) with electrospray mass spectrometry detection for comprehensive quantitative analysis of 66 polyethoxylated tallow amine (POE-tallowamine) homologs in citrus. Efficient separation, reduced band broadening, and high sensitivity were achieved by employing an acetonitrile-aqueous solution containing a 10 mM ammonium formate gradient on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column with a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method. The quantitative accuracy and precision of the method were improved by the use of matrix-matched calibration standards. At spiked levels of (50 + 250) μg/kg, (200 + 1000) μg/kg, and (500 + 2500) μg/kg POE-5 and POE-15 (1:5), the average recoveries of the POE-tallowamine homologs ranged from 71.9 to 112%, with RSDs < 16.6%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for POE-tallowamine homologs were 0.01-2.57 and 0.03-8.58 μg/kg, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine POE-tallowamine in citrus samples from typical Chinese regions in 2021. POE-tallowamine was detected in all 54 samples, and the highest concentration (143 μg/kg) of POE-tallowamine was found in Jelly orange from Zhejiang Province, which might indicate a higher usage and demand of glyphosate herbicides in Zhejiang.

References

Shao B, Hu J, Yang M . Determination of nonylphenol ethoxylates in the aquatic environment by normal phase liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2002; 950(1-2):167-74. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00011-0. View

Elsner V, Laun S, Melchior D, Kohler M, Schmitz O . Analysis of fatty alcohol derivatives with comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012; 1268:22-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.072. View

Zhang Q, Yang F, Ge L, Hu Y, Xia Z . Recent applications of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. J Sep Sci. 2016; 40(1):49-80. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600843. View

Jiang Z, Cao X, Li H, Zhang C, Abd El-Aty A, Jeong J . Rapid analysis of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates in cucumber-field system using supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 2018; 266:119-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.122. View

Jiang Z, Cao X, Li H, Zhang C, Abd El-Aty A, Jin F . Fast determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates in leafy vegetables using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2017; 1525:161-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.035. View

Farsang E, Gaal V, Horvath O, Bardos E, Horvath K . Analysis of Non-Ionic Surfactant Triton X-100 Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2019; 24(7). PMC: 6480021. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071223. View

Tush D, Loftin K, Meyer M . Characterization of polyoxyethylene tallow amine surfactants in technical mixtures and glyphosate formulations using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2013; 1319:80-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.032. View

Shen F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang S . Rapid and ultra-trace levels analysis of 33 antibiotics in water by on-line solid-phase extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2022; 1677:463304. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463304. View

ALFaris N, Wabaidur S, ALOthman Z, AlTamimi J, Aldayel T . Fast and efficient immunoaffinity column cleanup and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxins in baby food and feeds. J Sep Sci. 2020; 43(11):2079-2087. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901307. View

10.

Wan H, Sheng Q, Zhong H, Guo X, Fu Q, Liu Y . Evaluation of a silicon oxynitride hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column in saccharide and glycoside separations. J Sep Sci. 2015; 38(8):1271-6. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401413. View

11.

Shi X, Jin F, Huang Y, Du X, Li C, Wang M . Simultaneous determination of five plant growth regulators in fruits by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2011; 60(1):60-5. DOI: 10.1021/jf204183d. View

12.

Turhan D, Gungordu A, Ozmen M . Developmental and lethal effects of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product on Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2020; 104(2):173-179. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02774-z. View

13.

Torres-Badia M, Solar-Malaga S, Martin-Hidalgo D, Hurtado de Llera A, Gomez-Candelo A, Garcia-Marin L . Impaired mammalian sperm function and lower phosphorylation signaling caused by the herbicide Roundup® Ultra Plus are due to its surfactant component. Theriogenology. 2021; 172:55-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.026. View

14.

Lindberg T, de Avila R, Zeller K, Levander F, Eriksson D, Chawade A . An integrated transcriptomic- and proteomic-based approach to evaluate the human skin sensitization potential of glyphosate and its commercial agrochemical formulations. J Proteomics. 2020; 217:103647. DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103647. View

15.

Abrar S, Trathnigg B . Separation of nonionic surfactants according to functionality by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2010; 1217(52):8222-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.118. View

16.

Dufour A, Thiebaut D, Ligiero L, Loriau M, Vial J . Chromatographic behavior and characterization of polydisperse surfactants using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography hyphenated to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2019; 1614:460731. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460731. View

17.

Krogh K, Mogensen B, Halling-Sorensen B, Cortes A, Vejrup K, Barcelo D . Analysis of alcohol ethoxylates and alkylamine ethoxylates in agricultural soils using pressurised liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003; 376(7):1089-97. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2062-3. View

18.

Ko A, Abd El-Aty A, Rahman M, Jang J, Kim S, Choi J . A modified QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in paprika using tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 2014; 157:413-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.038. View

19.

Serra L, Estienne A, Vasseur C, Froment P, Dupont J . Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models. Cells. 2021; 10(11). PMC: 8622223. DOI: 10.3390/cells10113079. View

20.

Ferguson P, Iden C, Brownawel B . Analysis of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in environmental samples by mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2002; 938(1-2):79-91. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01091-3. View