8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023

Overview

Journal Diabetes Care

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2022 Dec 12

PMID 36507637

Authors

Nuha A ElSayed

Grazia Aleppo

Vanita R Aroda

Raveendhara R Bannuru

Florence M Brown

Dennis Bruemmer

Billy S Collins

Marisa E Hilliard

Diana Isaacs

Eric L Johnson

Scott Kahan

Kamlesh Khunti

Jose Leon

Sarah K Lyons

Mary Lou Perry

Priya Prahalad

Richard E Pratley

Jane Jeffrie Seley

Robert C Stanton

Robert A Gabbay

the American Diabetes Association

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

Citing Articles

Advancements in Managing Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholangitis in the Elderly: A Comprehensive Review.

Chen G, Sha Y, Wang K, Tang R, Zhai Z, Wang Z Cureus. 2025; 17(2):e78492.

PMID: 40051943 PMC: 11884421. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78492.

Effectiveness of Calorie Restriction for Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Mohamed T, Mckeown M, Saxena M Cureus. 2025; 17(2):e78348.

PMID: 40034634 PMC: 11875213. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78348.

Proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the underlying molecular mechanisms in modified alternate-day fasting-mediated protection against Diabetic kidney disease.

Zeng X, Xing Y, Ma X, Long Y, Jiang Z, Xu Y PLoS One. 2025; 20(2):e0319053.

PMID: 39964999 PMC: 11835337. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319053.

Presence of coronary artery disease in adults with newly detected diabetes mellitus.

Lai C, Chang B, Hwang L BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025; 25(1):76.

PMID: 39901120 PMC: 11789286. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04463-0.

Dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction for remission of type 2 diabetes: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Liu Y, Chen Y, Ma J, Lin J, Liu C, Li X BMJ. 2025; 388():e081820.

PMID: 39843169 PMC: 11752448. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-081820.

References

Kirwan J, Aminian A, Kashyap S, Burguera B, Brethauer S, Schauer P . Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(6):941-8. PMC: 8310563. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2732. View

Jackness C, Karmally W, Febres G, Conwell I, Ahmed L, Bessler M . Very low-calorie diet mimics the early beneficial effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on insulin sensitivity and β-cell Function in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2013; 62(9):3027-32. PMC: 3749351. DOI: 10.2337/db12-1762. View

le Roux C, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Lau D, Van Gaal L . 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2017; 389(10077):1399-1409. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30069-7. View

Billeter A, Scheurlen K, Probst P, Eichel S, Nickel F, Kopf S . Meta-analysis of metabolic surgery versus medical treatment for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Surg. 2018; 105(3):168-181. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10724. View

Bosch X, Monclus E, Escoda O, Guerra-Garcia M, Moreno P, Guasch N . Unintentional weight loss: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of 2677 patients. PLoS One. 2017; 12(4):e0175125. PMC: 5384681. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175125. View

. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363(9403):157-63. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. View

Sjostrom L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, Ahlin S, Andersson-Assarsson J, Anveden A . Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications. JAMA. 2014; 311(22):2297-304. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5988. View

Frias J, Davies M, Rosenstock J, Perez Manghi F, Lando L, Bergman B . Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(6):503-515. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107519. View

Altieri M, Yang J, Telem D, Meng Z, Frenkel C, Halbert C . Lap band outcomes from 19,221 patients across centers and over a decade within the state of New York. Surg Endosc. 2015; 30(5):1725-32. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4402-8. View

10.

Peterhansel C, Petroff D, Klinitzke G, Kersting A, Wagner B . Risk of completed suicide after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2013; 14(5):369-82. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12014. View

11.

Conason A, Teixeira J, Hsu C, Puma L, Knafo D, Geliebter A . Substance use following bariatric weight loss surgery. JAMA Surg. 2013; 148(2):145-50. DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamasurg.265. View

12.

Hollander P, Elbein S, Hirsch I, Kelley D, McGill J, Taylor T . Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. A 1-year randomized double-blind study. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(8):1288-94. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.8.1288. View

13.

Yu H, Di J, Bao Y, Zhang P, Zhang L, Tu Y . Visceral fat area as a new predictor of short-term diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in Chinese patients with a body mass index less than 35 kg/m2. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014; 11(1):6-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.06.019. View

14.

Gadde K, Allison D, Ryan D, Peterson C, Troupin B, Schwiers M . Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9774):1341-52. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60205-5. View

15.

Halperin F, Ding S, Simonson D, Panosian J, Goebel-Fabbri A, Wewalka M . Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or lifestyle with intensive medical management in patients with type 2 diabetes: feasibility and 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2014; 149(7):716-26. PMC: 4274782. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.514. View

16.

Rubin J, Hinrichs-Krapels S, Hesketh R, Martin A, Herman W, Rubino F . Identifying Barriers to Appropriate Use of Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: Policy Lab Results. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(6):954-63. PMC: 5864132. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2781. View

17.

Fujioka K, Plodkowski R, ONeil P, Gilder K, Walsh B, Greenway F . The relationship between early weight loss and weight loss at 1 year with naltrexone ER/bupropion ER combination therapy. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016; 40(9):1369-75. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.67. View

18.

Jakobsen G, Smastuen M, Sandbu R, Nordstrand N, Hofso D, Lindberg M . Association of Bariatric Surgery vs Medical Obesity Treatment With Long-term Medical Complications and Obesity-Related Comorbidities. JAMA. 2018; 319(3):291-301. PMC: 5833560. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.21055. View

19.

Birkmeyer N, Dimick J, Share D, Hawasli A, English W, Genaw J . Hospital complication rates with bariatric surgery in Michigan. JAMA. 2010; 304(4):435-42. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1034. View

20.

Cohen R, Pinheiro J, Schiavon C, Salles J, Wajchenberg B, Cummings D . Effects of gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and only mild obesity. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(7):1420-8. PMC: 3379595. DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2289. View