Dysregulation of Protein S in COVID-19

Overview

Journal Best Pract Res Clin Haematol

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Hematology

Date 2022 Dec 9

PMID 36494145

Authors

Martha M S Sim

Jeremy P Wood

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely associated with increased thrombotic risk, with many different proposed mechanisms. One such mechanism is acquired deficiency of protein S (PS), a plasma protein that regulates coagulation and inflammatory processes, including complement activation and efferocytosis. Acquired PS deficiency is common in patients with severe viral infections and has been reported in multiple studies of COVID-19. This deficiency may be caused by consumption, degradation, or clearance of the protein, by decreased synthesis, or by binding of PS to other plasma proteins, which block its anticoagulant activity. Here, we review the functions of PS, the evidence of acquired PS deficiency in COVID-19 patients, the potential mechanisms of PS deficiency, and the evidence that those mechanisms may be occurring in COVID-19.

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