Role of Vitamin K-Dependent Factors Protein S and GAS6 and TAM Receptors in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis

Overview

Journal Cells

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Biophysics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Oct 1

PMID 32998369

Citations 29

Authors

Anna Tutusaus

Montserrat Mari

Jose T Ortiz-Perez

Gerry A F Nicolaes

Albert Morales

Pablo Garcia de Frutos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The vitamin K-dependent factors protein S (PROS1) and growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6) and their tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK, the TAM subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), are key regulators of inflammation and vascular response to damage. TAM signaling, which has largely studied in the immune system and in cancer, has been involved in coagulation-related pathologies. Because of these established biological functions, the GAS6-PROS1/TAM system is postulated to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression complications. The participation of the TAM system in vascular function and pathology has been previously reported. However, in the context of COVID-19, the role of TAMs could provide new clues in virus-host interplay with important consequences in the way that we understand this pathology. From the viral mimicry used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells, to the immunothrombosis that is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients, TAM signaling seems to be involved at different stages of the disease. TAM targeting is becoming an interesting biomedical strategy, which is useful for COVID-19 treatment now, but also for other viral and inflammatory diseases in the future.

Citing Articles

Functions of TAM Receptors and Ligands Protein S and Gas6 in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease.

Prouse T, Majumder S, Majumder R Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(23).

PMID: 39684449 PMC: 11641688. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312736.

Could Gas6/TAM Axis Provide Valuable Insights into the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis?.

Apostolo D, DOnghia D, Nerviani A, Ghirardi G, Sola D, Perazzi M Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(7):7486-7504.

PMID: 39057085 PMC: 11275301. DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070444.

Gas6/TAM system as potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis prognosis.

DOnghia D, Colangelo D, Bellan M, Tonello S, Puricelli C, Virgilio E Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1362960.

PMID: 38745659 PMC: 11091300. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362960.

In Situ Endothelial SARS-CoV-2 Presence and PROS1 Plasma Levels Alteration in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Coagulopathies.

Baroni M, Beltrami S, Schiuma G, Ferraresi P, Rizzo S, Passaro A Life (Basel). 2024; 14(2).

PMID: 38398746 PMC: 10890393. DOI: 10.3390/life14020237.

GAS6/TAM Axis as Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases.

Tutusaus A, Morales A, Garcia de Frutos P, Mari M Semin Liver Dis. 2024; 44(1):99-114.

PMID: 38395061 PMC: 11027478. DOI: 10.1055/a-2275-0408.

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