Contribution of Fetal Microchimeric Cells to Maternal Wound Healing in Sickle Cell Ulcers

Leg ulcers are a major complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). They are particularly challenging to treat and innovative therapies are needed. We previously showed that the healing of SCD ulcers is delayed because of decreased angiogenesis. During pregnancy, fetal microchimeric cells (FMC) transferred to the mother are recruited to maternal wounds and improve angiogenesis. After delivery, FMC persist in maternal bone marrow for decades. Here, we investigated whether fetal cells could also improve SCD ulcers in the post-partum setting. We found that skin healing was similarly improved in post-partum mice and in pregnant mice, through increased proliferation and angiogenesis. In a SCD mouse model that recapitulates refractory SCD ulcers, we showed that the ulcers of post-partum SCD mice healed more quickly than those of virgin mice. This was associated with the recruitment of fetal cells in maternal wounds where they harbored markers of leukocytes and endothelial cells. In a retrospective cohort of SCD patients, using several parameters we found that SCD women who had ever had a baby had less of a burden related to leg ulcers compared to nulliparous women. Taken together, these results indicate that healing capacities of FMC are maintained long after delivery and may be exploited to promote wound healing in post-partum SCD patients.