Milk Beverages Can Reduce Nutrient Inadequacy Among Brazilian Pre-school Children: a Dietary Modelling Study

Overview

Journal BMC Nutr

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2022 Nov 1

PMID 36316737

Authors

Yvonne M Lenighan

Marie Tassy

Carlos A Nogueira-de-Almeida

Elizabeth A Offord

Tsz Ning Mak

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies found high prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins E, D and K, calcium and potassium among Brazilian pre-school children, with suboptimal consumption of dairy products. Dietary modelling was applied to determine the theoretical impact of improving dairy products consumption on nutrient adequacy in 4-5-year-old Brazilian children.

Methods: Adherence to the dairy recommendation of two servings/day was calculated using data from the Brazil Kids Nutrition and Health Study (KNHS) (n = 228). Two modelling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of (1) adding one or two servings of a frequently consumed cow's milk or a widely available fortified alternative: pre-school children milk (PCM), and of (2) substituting the current milk consumed by PCM. Mean nutrient intakes and percentage of children adhering to the nutrient recommendations were determined at baseline and after applying modelling scenarios.

Results: Seventy-six percent (n = 174) of children did not meet the recommended daily two servings of dairy products, 56% had less than one serving of dairy products on the day of recall. The mean consumption of whole milk (fortified and unfortified) was 147 g/d, yoghurt 114 g/d and cheese 34 g/d. The addition of one serving of cow's milk demonstrated a 17% reduction in calcium inadequacy, 18% reduction in vitamin A and 3% reduction in zinc inadequacy. Adding one serving of PCM further reduced calcium inadequacy from 87 to 41%, vitamin E from 81 to 37%, and zinc inadequacy by 10%. Replacing the child's current milk with a PCM resulted in further reduction of micronutrient inadequacies, including calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E.

Conclusions: Dairy products consumption in pre-school children should be encouraged to reduce nutrient inadequacies. In particular, consumption of PCM would help to reduce calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E inadequacy, nutrients of concern in this population.

Citing Articles

Assessment of Milk and Beverage Intake Trends During Preschool Age and Modeling the Nutritional Impact of Replacing Nondairy Caloric Beverages with Milk.

Ricklefs-Johnson K, Pikosky M, Cifelli C, Fulgoni K, Fulgoni 3rd V, Agarwal S Curr Dev Nutr. 2024; 8(9):104436.

PMID: 39279785 PMC: 11402051. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104436.

Assessment of Beverage Trends and Replacing Nondairy Caloric Beverages with Milk at Meals across Childhood Improves Intake of Key Nutrients at Risk of Inadequate Consumption: An NHANES Modeling Study.

Ricklefs-Johnson K, Pikosky M, Cifelli C, Fulgoni K, Fulgoni 3rd V, Agarwal S Curr Dev Nutr. 2023; 7(11):102020.

PMID: 38035204 PMC: 10681945. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102020.

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