Natural History of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats from Rehoming Centers: The CatScan II Study

Overview

Journal J Vet Intern Med

Specialties General Medicine
Veterinary Medicine

Date 2022 Oct 31

PMID 36315028

Authors

Jose Novo Matos

Jessie Rose Payne

Joonbum Seo

Virginia Luis Fuentes

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been mainly studied in cats referred for suspected heart disease, which can skew the results towards cats with clinical signs. Few data are available on factors associated with development of HCM in cats.

Hypotheses: (1) Clinical variables can predict which cats will develop HCM; (2) HCM in cats not referred for suspected heart disease is associated with a low rate of cardiovascular events.

Animals: One hundred seven cats from rehoming centers without a history of clinical signs of cardiac or systemic disease at the time of adoption.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal study. After rehoming, shelter cats were reexamined for serial echocardiograms. Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictors of development of HCM in cats that were normal at baseline. Adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure, thromboembolism, or sudden death were recorded.

Results: Cats were monitored for a median of 5.6 [1.2-9.2] years. At baseline, 68/107 cats were normal, 18/107 were equivocal and 21/107 had HCM. Nineteen cats developed HCM during the study period. The factors at baseline associated with increased hazard of developing HCM were lower left atrial fractional shortening, higher left ventricular fractional shortening, and higher body weight. Cardiovascular events were observed in 21% of cats with HCM.

Conclusions And Clinical Importance: Cardiovascular events were common in cats with HCM from a rehoming center study sample. Lower left atrial systolic function appears to precede overt HCM.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and ALMS1 Variant in Sphynx Cats in New Zealand.

Seo J, Loh Y, Connolly D, Luis Fuentes V, Dutton E, Hunt H Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(18).

PMID: 39335220 PMC: 11428990. DOI: 10.3390/ani14182629.

Longitudinal assessment of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Seo J, Novo Matos J, Munday J, Hunt H, Connolly D, Luis Fuentes V J Vet Intern Med. 2024; 38(6):2982-2993.

PMID: 39325030 PMC: 11586536. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17203.

The Unseen Side of Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of Electrocardiography and Holter Monitoring.

Cofaru A, Murariu R, Popa T, Pestean C, Scurtu I Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(15).

PMID: 39123690 PMC: 11311041. DOI: 10.3390/ani14152165.

Cardiac myosin inhibitor, CK-586, minimally reduces systolic function and ameliorates obstruction in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Rivas V, Crofton A, Jauregui C, Wouters J, Yang B, Wittenburg L Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):12038.

PMID: 38802475 PMC: 11130313. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62840-3.

Influence of Clinical Aspects and Genetic Factors on Feline HCM Severity and Development.

Korobova V, Kruglova Y Vet Sci. 2024; 11(5).

PMID: 38787186 PMC: 11125783. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050214.

References

Connelly K, Prior D, Kelly D, Feneley M, Krum H, Gilbert R . Load-sensitive measures may overestimate global systolic function in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy: a comparison with load-insensitive measures. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005; 290(4):H1699-705. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00577.2005. View

Marques-Alves P, Ferreira J, Azul Freitas A, Almeida J, Baptista R, Castro G . Atrial Mechanics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Discriminating between Ventricular Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022; 118(1):77-87. PMC: 8959060. DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200890. View

Fox P, Keene B, Lamb K, Schober K, Chetboul V, Luis Fuentes V . International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats: The REVEAL Study. J Vet Intern Med. 2018; 32(3):930-943. PMC: 5980443. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15122. View

Paige C, Abbott J, Elvinger F, Pyle R . Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009; 234(11):1398-403. DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.11.1398. View

Payne J, Luis Fuentes V, Boswood A, Connolly D, Koffas H, Brodbelt D . Population characteristics and survival in 127 referred cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1997 to 2005). J Small Anim Pract. 2010; 51(10):540-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00989.x. View

Khor K, Campbell F, Owen H, Shiels I, Mills P . Myocardial collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in cats with pre-clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet J. 2015; 203(2):161-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.018. View

Ho C . Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: preclinical and early phenotype. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010; 2(4):462-70. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-009-9124-7. View

Hardarson T, de la Calzada C, Curiel R, Goodwin J . Prognosis and mortality of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1973; 2(7844):1462-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92730-x. View

Captur G, Lopes L, Mohun T, Patel V, Li C, Bassett P . Prediction of sarcomere mutations in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014; 7(6):863-71. PMC: 4237712. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.002411. View

10.

Ho C, Abbasi S, Neilan T, Shah R, Chen Y, Heydari B . T1 measurements identify extracellular volume expansion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomere mutation carriers with and without left ventricular hypertrophy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 6(3):415-22. PMC: 3769196. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.000333. View

11.

Ho C, Sweitzer N, McDonough B, Maron B, Casey S, Seidman J . Assessment of diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging to predict genotype in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2002; 105(25):2992-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000019070.70491.6d. View

12.

Ho C, Day S, Colan S, Russell M, Towbin J, Sherrid M . The Burden of Early Phenotypes and the Influence of Wall Thickness in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation Carriers: Findings From the HCMNet Study. JAMA Cardiol. 2017; 2(4):419-428. PMC: 5541992. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5670. View

13.

Atkins C, Gallo A, Kurzman I, Cowen P . Risk factors, clinical signs, and survival in cats with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 74 cases (1985-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992; 201(4):613-8. View

14.

Payne J, Brodbelt D, Luis Fuentes V . Cardiomyopathy prevalence in 780 apparently healthy cats in rehoming centres (the CatScan study). J Vet Cardiol. 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S244-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.008. View

15.

Wilkie L, Smith K, Luis Fuentes V . Cardiac pathology findings in 252 cats presented for necropsy; a comparison of cats with unexpected death versus other deaths. J Vet Cardiol. 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S329-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.09.006. View

16.

De S, Borowski A, Wang H, Nye L, Xin B, Thomas J . Subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities in phenotype-negative carriers of myosin-binding protein C3 gene mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 2011; 162(2):262-267.e3. PMC: 3155874. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.05.018. View

17.

Stern J, Markova S, Ueda Y, Kim J, Pascoe P, Evanchik M . A Small Molecule Inhibitor of Sarcomere Contractility Acutely Relieves Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One. 2016; 11(12):e0168407. PMC: 5156432. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168407. View

18.

Fox P, Liu S, Maron B . Echocardiographic assessment of spontaneously occurring feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An animal model of human disease. Circulation. 1995; 92(9):2645-51. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.2645. View

19.

Scansen B, Morgan K . Reference intervals and allometric scaling of echocardiographic measurements in Bengal cats. J Vet Cardiol. 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S282-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.02.001. View

20.

Schober K, Maerz I, Ludewig E, Stern J . Diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiography and thoracic radiography in the assessment of left atrial size in cats: comparison with transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography. J Vet Intern Med. 2007; 21(4):709-18. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[709:daoeat]2.0.co;2. View