Synergistic Deterioration of Prognosis Associated with Decreased Grip Strength and Hyporesponse to Erythropoiesis-stimulating Agents in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Introduction: We examined the combined effect of erythropoietin (EPO) hyporesponsiveness and low handgrip strength (HGS) on the prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: We recruited patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 5, who were undergoing HD at our dialysis clinic between January 2015 and March 2015 ( = 182). Patients of ≥20 years of age and who had been undergoing HD for ≧3 months at enrollment were eligible for inclusion. Seven patients treated with epoetin-β pegol were excluded. First, the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) and HGS were measured. The patients were stratified by the ERI of 9.44 (U/kg/week/g/dL), and by the HGS of 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women. We then observed death and cardiovascular disease (CVD), composite endpoint (deaths or CVD) for a median of 2 years.

Results: A total of 175 patients (male,  = 122; female,  = 53; age, 34-92 years) were included in the analysis. During the observation period of 24 months, 57 events (14 deaths and 43 CVD) were observed. High ERI and low HGS were associated with a high incidence of endpoints compared to low ERI and high HGS. Among the four groups classified by ERI and HGS values, the highest risk group was the high ERI/low HGS group (HR: 4.20 95% CI 2.12-8.33).

Conclusions: EPO hyporesponsiveness combined with low HGS were found to be significant predictors of a poor outcome, and the synergistic effects of the two factors had stronger predictive ability than either single factor.