Evolution and Antiviral Activity of a Human Protein of Retroviral Origin

Overview

Journal Science

Specialty Science

Date 2022 Oct 27

PMID 36302021

Authors

John A Frank

Manvendra Singh

Harrison B Cullen

Raphael A Kirou

Meriem Benkaddour-Boumzaouad

Jose L Cortes

Jose Garcia Perez

Carolyn B Coyne

Cedric Feschotte

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Endogenous retroviruses are abundant components of mammalian genomes descended from ancient germline infections. In several mammals, the envelope proteins encoded by these elements protect against exogenous viruses, but this activity has not been documented with endogenously expressed envelopes in humans. We report that the human genome harbors a large pool of envelope-derived sequences with the potential to restrict retroviral infection. To test this, we characterized an envelope-derived protein, Suppressyn. We found that is expressed in human preimplantation embryos and developing placenta using its ancestral retroviral promoter. Cell culture assays showed that , and its hominoid orthologs, could restrict infection by extant mammalian type D retroviruses. Our data support a generalizable model of retroviral envelope co-option for host immunity and genome defense.

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