The Burden of Cervical Cancer in China

Overview

Journal Front Oncol

Specialty Oncology

Date 2022 Oct 7

PMID 36203427

Authors

Xiu Shen

Yiquan Cheng

Fupeng Ren

Zhilong Shi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: Trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and mortality rate of cervical cancer remain unknown.

Methods: The average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and relative risks (RR) in the incidence, DALYs, and mortality rate were determined using a joinpoint regression analysis; the net age, period, and cohort effects on above rates were evaluated.

Results: A significant increase in age-standardized incidence (AAPC, 0.9%; 95CI: 0.8, 1.1) but significant decreases in age-standardized DALYs (AAPC, -0.4%; 95%CI: -0.60, -0.20) and the mortality rate (AAPC, -0.4%; 95CI: -0.6, -0.3) were observed. As for age-specific rates, the incidence was higher in younger age groups, and the DALYs and mortality rate were lower in older age groups. The effects of age included a slight but significant increase in the RR with advancing age from 35 to 94 years; the period effect included a significant increase in the incidence over the 2005-2019 periods; and the cohort effect included a substantial increase in the incidence from earlier to later birth cohorts.

Conclusions: The incidence of cervical cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, particularly in younger age groups, and the DALYs and mortality rate decreased in the older age groups. Furthermore, the incidence increased with age, period, and cohort.

Citing Articles

The influence of menopause age on gynecologic cancer risk: a comprehensive analysis using NHANES data.

Abulajiang Y, Liu T, Wang M, Abulai A, Wu Y Front Oncol. 2025; 15:1541585.

PMID: 40007994 PMC: 11851290. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1541585.

Awareness regarding human papillomavirus and willingness for vaccination among college students with or without medical background in Guizhou Province.

Hu Q, Rui Y, Jiang J, Yang J, Yao H, Yang X Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024; 20(1):2295992.

PMID: 39693188 PMC: 10793670. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2295992.

Nationwide Discrete Choice Experiment on Chinese Guardians' Preferences for HPV Vaccination for Mothers and Daughters.

Zhao J, Zhao T, Zhang S, Huang N, Du J, Liu Y Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(10).

PMID: 39460353 PMC: 11512336. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12101186.

Epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers past, present and future: towards prevention and elimination.

Malagon T, Franco E, Tejada R, Vaccarella S Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2024; 21(7):522-538.

PMID: 38760499 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00904-z.

Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injections as an adjunctive therapy for cervical cancer in Chinese patients: a network meta-analysis.

Ma F, Wang Q, Zhang D, Wang Z, Xie H, Liu X Pharm Biol. 2024; 62(1):170-182.

PMID: 38334090 PMC: 10860435. DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2312217.

References

Zhang S, Xu H, Zhang L, Qiao Y . Cervical cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening. Chin J Cancer Res. 2021; 32(6):720-728. PMC: 7797226. DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.05. View

Bosch F, Lorincz A, Munoz N, Meijer C, Shah K . The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2002; 55(4):244-65. PMC: 1769629. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.4.244. View

Everatt R, Intaite B . Trends in cervical cancer mortality rates in Lithuania, 1987-2016. Cancer Epidemiol. 2018; 57:85-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.10.008. View

Liu X, Yu C, Bi Y, Zhang Z . Trends and age-period-cohort effect on incidence and mortality of prostate cancer from 1990 to 2017 in China. Public Health. 2019; 172:70-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.016. View

Kim H, Fay M, Feuer E, Midthune D . Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med. 2000; 19(3):335-51. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::aid-sim336>3.0.co;2-z. View

Pan X, Li R, Pan A, Larson H . Human papillomavirus vaccine approval in China: a major step forward but challenges ahead. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16(12):1322-1323. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30450-9. View

Di J, Rutherford S, Chu C . Review of the Cervical Cancer Burden and Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015; 16(17):7401-7. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7401. View

Shrestha A, Neupane D, Vedsted P, Kallestrup P . Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19(2):319-324. PMC: 5980914. DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.319. View

Li H, Jin S, Xu H, Thomas D . The decline in the mortality rates of cervical cancer and a plausible explanation in Shandong, China. Int J Epidemiol. 2000; 29(3):398-404. View

10.

Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Plummer M, Franceschi S, Bray F . Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence: impact of screening against changes in disease risk factors. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49(15):3262-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.04.024. View

11.

Zhao F, Tiggelaar S, Hu S, Xu L, Hong Y, Niyazi M . A multi-center survey of age of sexual debut and sexual behavior in Chinese women: suggestions for optimal age of human papillomavirus vaccination in China. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012; 36(4):384-90. PMC: 5523958. DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.01.009. View

12.

Dong Z, Hu R, Du Y, Tan L, Li L, Du J . Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapeutics Based on Human Papillomavirus for HPV-Induced Cancers. Front Immunol. 2021; 11:586796. PMC: 7820759. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586796. View

13.

Clegg L, Hankey B, Tiwari R, Feuer E, Edwards B . Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis. Stat Med. 2009; 28(29):3670-82. PMC: 2843083. DOI: 10.1002/sim.3733. View

14.

Jiang X, Tang H, Chen T . Epidemiology of gynecologic cancers in China. J Gynecol Oncol. 2017; 29(1):e7. PMC: 5709533. DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e7. View

15.

Chen W, Sun H, Molijn A, Zeng L, Kang L, Jenkins D . The Variable Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix in China. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2018; 22(4):355-361. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000408. View

16.

Moore M, Tajima K . Cervical cancer in the asian pacific-epidemiology, screening and treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004; 5(4):349-61. View

17.

Han H, Wang X, Zhu Y, Liang Y . Organized Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: Attendance and Determinants in Rural China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(14). PMC: 9318997. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148237. View

18.

Liu X, Jiang J, Yu C, Wang Y, Sun Y, Tang J . Secular trends in incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in China, 1990-2017: A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019; 61:95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.011. View

19.

Sathishkumar K, N V, Badwe R, Deo S, Manoharan N, Malik R . Trends in breast and cervical cancer in India under National Cancer Registry Programme: An Age-Period-Cohort analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2021; 74:101982. DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101982. View

20.

Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjose S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J . Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019; 8(2):e191-e203. PMC: 7025157. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6. View