White Matter Hyperintensities in Burning Mouth Syndrome Assessed According to the Age-Related White Matter Changes Scale

Overview

Journal Front Aging Neurosci

Specialty Geriatrics

Date 2022 Sep 19

PMID 36118686

Authors

Daniela Adamo

Federica Canfora

Elena Calabria

Noemi Coppola

Stefania Leuci

Giuseppe Pecoraro

Renato Cuocolo

Lorenzo Ugga

Luca DAniello

Massimo Aria

Michele D Mignogna

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of the brain are observed in normal aging, in various subtypes of dementia and in chronic pain, playing a crucial role in pain processing. The aim of the study has been to assess the WMHs in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) patients by means of the Age-Related White Matter Changes scale (ARWMCs) and to analyze their predictors.

Methods: One hundred BMS patients were prospectively recruited and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Their ARWMCs scores were compared with those of an equal number of healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Intensity and quality of pain, psychological profile, and blood biomarkers of BMS patients were further investigated to find potential predictors of WMHs. Specifically, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Hamilton rating scale for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were administered.

Results: The BMS patients presented statistically significant higher scores on the ARWMCs compared to the controls, especially in the right frontal, left frontal, right parietal-occipital, left parietal-occipital, right temporal and left temporal lobes (-values: <0.001, <0.001, 0.005, 0.002, 0.009, 0.002, and <0.001, respectively). Age, a lower educational level, unemployment, essential hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were correlated to a higher total score on the ARWMCs (-values: <0.001, 0.016, 0.014, 0.001, and 0.039, respectively). No correlation was found with the blood biomarkers, NRS, SF-MPQ, HAM-A, HAM-D, PSQI, and ESS.

Conclusion: Patients with BMS showed a higher frequency of WMHs of the brain as suggested by the higher ARWCs scores compared with the normal aging of the healthy subjects. These findings could have a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and potentially affect and enhance pain perception.

Citing Articles

Small Fiber Neuropathy in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Kouri M, Adamo D, Vardas E, Georgaki M, Canfora F, Mignogna M Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(21).

PMID: 39518993 PMC: 11546372. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111442.

Trends of burning mouth syndrome: a bibliometric study.

Lin X, Jin R, Huang W, Ye Y, Jin J, Zhu W Front Neurol. 2024; 15:1443817.

PMID: 39108658 PMC: 11300319. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1443817.

Gender differences in pain perception among burning mouth syndrome patients: a cross-sectional study of 242 men and 242 women.

Calabria E, Canfora F, Leuci S, Coppola N, Pecoraro G, Giudice A Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):3340.

PMID: 38336850 PMC: 10858236. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53074-4.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients.

Parlatescu I, Dugan C, Popescu B, Tovaru S, Dobre M, Milanesi E Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(12).

PMID: 38138188 PMC: 10744480. DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085.

Salivary Complaints in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study on 500 Patients.

Canfora F, Calabria E, Spagnuolo G, Coppola N, Armogida N, Mazzaccara C J Clin Med. 2023; 12(17).

PMID: 37685630 PMC: 10488611. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175561.

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