Impact of Hyperoxia and Phenylephrine on Cerebral Oxygenation: An Experimental Clinical Study

Background: Oxygen supply to the brain is of special importance during intracranial surgery because it may be compromised by intracranial pathology. A high arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure above 80 mmHg) and a high arterial oxygen tension (PaO above 12 kPa) is therefore often targeted in these patients, when for example intracranial pressure is increased or when a mass effect on brain tissue from a tumour is present, and it is pursued by administering vasopressors such as phenylephrine and by increasing inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO ). However, whether these interventions increase cerebral oxygenation remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the effect of hyperoxia and phenylephrine on brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO ) in patients undergoing craniotomy.

Methods: In this experimental study, we included 17 adult patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. After securing a stable baseline of the oxygen probe, PbtO was measured in white matter peripherally in the surgical field during general anaesthesia. Primary comparisons were PbtO before versus after an increase in FiO from 0.30 to 0.80 as well as before versus after a bolus dose of phenylephrine (0.1-0.2 mg depending on patient haemodynamics). Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results: We obtained complete data sets in 11 patients undergoing the FiO increase and six patients receiving the phenylephrine bolus. PbtO was 22 (median; 5%-95% range, 4.6-54) mmHg during 30% oxygen, 68 (8.4-99) mmHg during 80% oxygen (p = .004 compared to 30% oxygen), 21 (4.5-81) mmHg before phenylephrine, and 19 (4.2-56) mmHg after phenylephrine (p = .56 compared to before phenylephrine).

Conclusion: In patients undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia, brain tissue oxygen tension increased with a high inspiratory oxygen fraction but remained unchanged after a bolus dose of phenylephrine.