Effects of Melatonin Supplementation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis Under Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal J Res Med Sci

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2022 Sep 12

PMID 36092489

Authors

Hadi Bazyar

Ahmad Zare Javid

Mehrnoosh Zakerkish

Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh

Mohammad Hosein Haghighi-Zadeh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin supplementation along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP).

Materials And Methods: The present study was a double-blind clinical trial. Fifty diabetic patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to control ( = 25) and intervention groups ( = 25). Two tablets of 250 mg melatonin (6 mg net melatonin) or placebo were received by the intervention or control groups once a day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), anthropometric indices including weight, waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), and body mass index (BMI) were measured in patients at the beginning and end of the intervention.

Results: Forty-four patients (22 patients in each group) completed the study. In the intervention group, a significant reduction was observed in HbA1c ( = 0.004), weight, BMI, WC, HC (all < 0.001), DBP ( = 0.017), and SBP ( = 0.006). The high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly increased in the intervention group after the intervention ( = 0.007). Moreover, after the adjustment of confounding factors, the mean changes of HbA1c (mean difference: -1.30, confidence interval [CI]: -2.41--0.19, = 0.02), weight (mean difference: -3.90, CI: -5.30-2.50, < 0.001), WC (mean difference: -1.37, CI: -2.19--0.55, = 0.002), BMI (mean difference: -1.41, CI: -1.92--0.89, < 0.001), HC (mean difference: -3.55, CI: -4.74--2.35, < 0.001), and SBP (mean difference: -1.24, CI: -2.41--0.06, = 0.03) improved significantly in the intervention group by comparison with the control group. No side effects were reported during the study.

Conclusion: The adjunct therapy of NSPT and melatonin may be useful in controlling the glycemic index, lipid profile, BP, and weight in T2DM with CP.

Citing Articles

Evaluation of melatonin gel as local drug delivery system for the treatment of periodontitis: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

Pratap A, Srinath R, Praveen N, Sustarwar P, Sadarjoshi M, Almalki S BMC Oral Health. 2025; 25(1):230.

PMID: 39948592 PMC: 11827357. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05598-y.

Wearables in Chronomedicine and Interpretation of Circadian Health.

Gubin D, Weinert D, Stefani O, Otsuka K, Borisenkov M, Cornelissen G Diagnostics (Basel). 2025; 15(3).

PMID: 39941257 PMC: 11816745. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15030327.

Impact of Photobiomodulation and Melatonin on Periodontal Healing of Periodontitis in Immunosuppressed Rats.

Mohamed Abdelgawad L, Gamal Mahmoud Ibrahim Salem Y, El Tayeb E J Lasers Med Sci. 2024; 15:e39.

PMID: 39193106 PMC: 11348441. DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.39.

Melatonin supplementation counteracts fiber loss in knee ligaments of diabetes-induced rats.

Adamska O, Wnuk A, Kaminska A, Poniatowska M, Maciag B, Kaminski M Front Pharmacol. 2024; 15:1399719.

PMID: 39135805 PMC: 11317382. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399719.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental evaluation to explore the complementary therapeutic effect and mechanism of melatonin in periodontitis.

Tuerhong K, Liu K, Shen D, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Yang M Heliyon. 2024; 10(12):e32494.

PMID: 38948030 PMC: 11209020. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32494.

References

Prado N, Ferder L, Manucha W, Diez E . Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20(5):45. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0842-6. View

Panahi Y, Khalili N, Sahebi E, Namazi S, Saberi Karimian M, Majeed M . Antioxidant effects of curcuminoids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology. 2016; 25(1):25-31. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0301-4. View

de Luis D, Izaola O, Primo D, Aller R . Association of the rs10830963 polymorphism in melatonin receptor type 1B (MTNR1B) with metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric diet based in Mediterranean style. Clin Nutr. 2017; 37(5):1563-1568. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.015. View

Jiang T, Chang Q, Cai J, Fan J, Zhang X, Xu G . Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016:3528274. PMC: 4837288. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3528274. View

Kozirog M, Poliwczak A, Duchnowicz P, Koter-Michalak M, Sikora J, Broncel M . Melatonin treatment improves blood pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Pineal Res. 2010; 50(3):261-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00835.x. View

Bazyar H, Gholinezhad H, Moradi L, Salehi P, Abadi F, Ravanbakhsh M . The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status, serum melatonin and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis: a double-blind,.... Inflammopharmacology. 2018; 27(1):67-76. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0539-0. View

Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Kozakiewicz M, Pawluk H, Czuczejko J, Kornatowski T . Melatonin improves oxidative stress parameters measured in the blood of elderly type 2 diabetic patients. J Pineal Res. 2009; 46(3):333-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00666.x. View

Cho N, Shaw J, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes J, Ohlrogge A . IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 138:271-281. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023. View

Mauri-Obradors E, Merlos A, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jane-Salas E, Lopez-Lopez J, Vinas M . Benefits of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2017; 45(3):345-353. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12858. View

10.

Emrich L, Shlossman M, Genco R . Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 1991; 62(2):123-31. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.123. View

11.

Bazyar H, Ahmadi A, Javid A, Irani D, Mohammadi Sartang M, Hossein Haghighizadeh M . The association between dietary intakes and stone formation in patients with urinary stones in Shiraz. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2019; 33:8. PMC: 6504976. DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.8. View

12.

Cipolla-Neto J, Amaral F, Afeche S, Tan D, Reiter R . Melatonin, energy metabolism, and obesity: a review. J Pineal Res. 2014; 56(4):371-81. DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12137. View

13.

Simko F, Reiter R, Pechanova O, Paulis L . Experimental models of melatonin-deficient hypertension. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2013; 18(2):616-25. DOI: 10.2741/4125. View

14.

Ferreira M, Dias-Pereira A, Branco-de-Almeida L, Martins C, Paiva S . Impact of periodontal disease on quality of life: a systematic review. J Periodontal Res. 2017; 52(4):651-665. DOI: 10.1111/jre.12436. View

15.

Onaolapo A, Onaolapo O . Circadian dysrhythmia-linked diabetes mellitus: Examining melatonin's roles in prophylaxis and management. World J Diabetes. 2018; 9(7):99-114. PMC: 6068738. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i7.99. View

16.

Rios-Lugo M, Cano P, Jimenez-Ortega V, Fernandez-Mateos M, Scacchi P, Cardinali D . Melatonin effect on plasma adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in normal and high fat-fed rats. J Pineal Res. 2010; 49(4):342-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00798.x. View

17.

Tan D, Manchester L, Terron M, Flores L, Reiter R . One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?. J Pineal Res. 2007; 42(1):28-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00407.x. View

18.

Pakravan H, Ahmadian M, Fani A, Aghaee D, Brumanad S, Pakzad B . The Effects of Melatonin in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2017; 6:40. PMC: 5414412. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.204593. View

19.

Raygan F, Ostadmohammadi V, Bahmani F, Reiter R, Asemi Z . Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2017; 38(1):191-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.004. View

20.

Salvi G, Carollo-Bittel B, Lang N . Effects of diabetes mellitus on periodontal and peri-implant conditions: update on associations and risks. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35(8 Suppl):398-409. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01282.x. View