» Articles » PMID: 35846887

CD14 and CD26 from Serum Exosomes Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes, Exosomal Cystatin C and CD14 Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Atherogenic Index of Plasma

Abstract

Background: Exosomes are microvesicles that actively participate in signaling mechanisms and depending on their content can contribute to the development of different pathologies, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cystatin C, CD26, and CD14 proteins in serum exosomes from patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).

Methods: Serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from 147 individuals with and without diabetes. Both anthropometric and metabolic parameters were registered from everyone. The levels of exosomal proteins cystatin C, CD26, and CD14 were quantified by ELISA. The association between protein levels and T2D or atherogenic risk factors was analyzed by linear regression and generalized regression models.

Results: We observed a significant correlation of increased glucose with elevated levels of Cystatin C, and an effect of T2D on the levels of CD26 (β = 45.8 pg/µg;  = 0.001) and CD14 (β = 168 pg/µg;  < 0.001) compared to subjects without T2D. CD14 was significantly related to T2D, metabolic syndrome, glucose, and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). Additionally, we observed a significant effect of metabolic syndrome MetS on the increase of exosomal Cystatin C and CD14.

Conclusions: T2D may contribute to the increase of CD14 protein contained in exosomes, as well as to the predisposition of atherogenic events development due to its relationship with the increase in serum triglyceride concentrations and the AIP score. Finally, the increased levels of CD14 and Cystatin C in exosomes are related to MetS. The analysis of exosome contents of diabetic patients remains an incipient field, so extensive characterization is crucial for their use as biomarkers or to analyze their possible contribution to diabetic complications.

Citing Articles

Identification of potential drug targets for diabetic polyneuropathy through Mendelian randomization analysis.

Chen X, Jiang G, Zhao T, Sun N, Liu S, Guo H Cell Biosci. 2024; 14(1):147.

PMID: 39639394 PMC: 11619124. DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01323-4.


Cystatin C alleviates unconjugated bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity by promoting bilirubin clearance from neurocytes via exosomes, dependent on hepatocyte UGT1A1 activity.

Du Y, Li Z Transl Neurosci. 2024; 15(1):20220357.

PMID: 39434773 PMC: 11491770. DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0357.


Lipid levels and insulin resistance markers in gastric cancer patients: diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Zhang D, Hu R, Cui X, Jiang X, Zhang S BMC Gastroenterol. 2024; 24(1):373.

PMID: 39434031 PMC: 11495014. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03463-w.


Soluble CD14 and Incident Diabetes Risk: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Cruden K, Wilkinson K, Kamin Mukaz D, Plante T, Zakai N, Long D J Endocr Soc. 2024; 8(7):bvae097.

PMID: 38817635 PMC: 11137750. DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae097.


CD163+ and CD14+ macrophages are increased in obese children.

Denisov N, Spirina L, Samoilova I, Kamenskih E, Chubakova K, Sitnikova D J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2023; 36(9):900-902.

PMID: 37563845 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0319.


References
1.
Lu M, Yuan S, Li S, Li L, Liu M, Wan S . The Exosome-Derived Biomarker in Atherosclerosis and Its Clinical Application. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2018; 12(1):68-74. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9796-y. View

2.
de Courten B, Moreno-Navarrete J, Lyons J, Soldatos G, de Courten M, Dougherty S . Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015; 60(1):103-9. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500102. View

3.
Rohrborn D, Wronkowitz N, Eckel J . DPP4 in Diabetes. Front Immunol. 2015; 6:386. PMC: 4515598. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00386. View

4.
Jeppesen D, Fenix A, Franklin J, Higginbotham J, Zhang Q, Zimmerman L . Reassessment of Exosome Composition. Cell. 2019; 177(2):428-445.e18. PMC: 6664447. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.029. View

5.
Kalluri R, LeBleu V . The biology function and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science. 2020; 367(6478). PMC: 7717626. DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6977. View