The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae): A Novel TRNA Secondary Structure, Gene Rearrangements and Phylogenetic Implications

is economically important as a highly specific parasitoid of the invasive pest which was introduced into the Euro-Asia region in the last decade. Despite being a critical and specific parasitoid of the invasive pest and its use as an effective biocontrol agent, the absence of sequence information from have limited its genetic applications for pest management in forests. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes generally contain abundant nucleotide information and thus are helpful for understanding species history. Here, we sequenced the complete mt genome of using next generation sequencing, and annotated 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes and a 702 bp noncoding region. Comparative analysis indicated that this mt genome has a normal A + T content and codons use, however possessed both the expected and unique rearrangements. Ten tRNAs at four gene blocks and the A + T-rich region were rearranged, including gene shuffles, transpositions and inversions. Notably, two genes and had undergone long-range inversions, which is the first record of this rearrangement type in the superfamily Platygastroidea. The D-loops of both and were absent from the tRNA secondary structure, which has not been reported from hymenopteran previously. Phylogenetic analysis based with the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods showed that grouped with other species of Platygastridae, and that the superfamily Platygastridea is sister to the other Proctotrupomorpha superfamilies. Our tree strongly supports the monophyly of the five superfamilies of Proctotrupomorpha. This study discovered some unique characters of , and contributes to our understanding of genome rearrangements in the order Hymenoptera.