Vitamin D for Recovery of COVID-19 in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Overview

Journal Front Nutr

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2022 Jul 5

PMID 35782942

Authors

Wen-Fang Chiang

Po-Jen Hsiao

Jenq-Shyong Chan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined not only by viral damage to cells but also by the immune reaction in the host. In addition to therapeutic interventions that target the viral infection, immunoregulation may be helpful in the management of COVID-19. Vitamin D exerts effects on both innate and adaptive immunity and subsequently modulates immune responses to bacteria and viruses. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently have vitamin D deficiency and increased susceptibility to infection, suggesting a potential role of vitamin D in this vulnerable population. In this paper, we review the alterations of the immune system, the risk of COVID-19 infections and mechanisms of vitamin D action in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in CKD patients. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can affect the outcomes of COVID-19. Supplementing vitamin D during treatment may be protective against COVID-19. Future studies, including randomized control trials, are warranted to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the recovery from COVID-19 in CKD patients.

Citing Articles

Clinical characteristics of patients with maintenance hemodialysis affected by COVID‑19: A single‑center retrospective study.

Zhang G, Ma D, Li B, Bao L, Luo H, Cao S Exp Ther Med. 2024; 29(1):7.

PMID: 39559271 PMC: 11572105. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12757.

Crosstalk between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Diseases: A Review on the Metabolomic Approaches.

Murali R, Wanjari U, Mukherjee A, Gopalakrishnan A, Kannampuzha S, Namachivayam A Vaccines (Basel). 2023; 11(2).

PMID: 36851366 PMC: 9959335. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020489.

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Baseline Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hospitalized Egyptian Covid-19 Patients.

Mostafa S, Mohammed S, Elshennawy S, Zakaria D, Mahmoud S, Alsadek A Int J Gen Med. 2022; 15:8063-8070.

PMID: 36389016 PMC: 9651079. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S386815.

References

Xiao D, Li X, Su X, Mu D, Qu Y . Could SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury be attenuated by vitamin D?. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 102:196-202. PMC: 7591873. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.059. View

Annweiler C, Beaudenon M, Simon R, Guenet M, Otekpo M, Celarier T . Vitamin D supplementation prior to or during COVID-19 associated with better 3-month survival in geriatric patients: Extension phase of the GERIA-COVID study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021; 213:105958. PMC: 8319044. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105958. View

Vaziri N . CKD impairs barrier function and alters microbial flora of the intestine: a major link to inflammation and uremic toxicity. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012; 21(6):587-92. PMC: 3756830. DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e328358c8d5. View

Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Ritz E, Grammer T, Drechsler C, Boehm B . Independent association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Clin Chim Acta. 2010; 411(17-18):1354-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.037. View

Hernandez J, Nan D, Fernandez-Ayala M, Garcia-Unzueta M, Hernandez-Hernandez M, Lopez-Hoyos M . Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 106(3):e1343-e1353. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa733. View

Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Ramos M, de Francisco A, Lopez-Hoyos M, Arias M . B lymphopenia in uremia is related to an accelerated in vitro apoptosis and dysregulation of Bcl-2. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000; 15(4):502-10. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.4.502. View

Li Y, Kong J, Wei M, Chen Z, Liu S, Cao L . 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110(2):229-38. PMC: 151055. DOI: 10.1172/JCI15219. View

Karonova T, Chernikova A, Golovatyuk K, Bykova E, Grant W, Kalinina O . Vitamin D Intake May Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection Morbidity in Health Care Workers. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3). PMC: 8839300. DOI: 10.3390/nu14030505. View

Ali N . Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. J Infect Public Health. 2020; 13(10):1373-1380. PMC: 7305922. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021. View

10.

Kaufman H, Niles J, Kroll M, Bi C, Holick M . SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. PLoS One. 2020; 15(9):e0239252. PMC: 7498100. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239252. View

11.

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C . Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4):420-422. PMC: 7164771. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. View

12.

Pereira M, Damascena A, Azevedo L, de Almeida Oliveira T, Santana J . Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 62(5):1308-1316. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090. View

13.

Ocaranza M, Riquelme J, Garcia L, Jalil J, Chiong M, Santos R . Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019; 17(2):116-129. PMC: 7097090. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0244-8. View

14.

Ginde A, Mansbach J, Camargo Jr C . Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(4):384-90. PMC: 3447082. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.560. View

15.

Cereda E, Bogliolo L, Lobascio F, Barichella M, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G . Vitamin D supplementation and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from the outbreak area of Lombardy, Italy. Nutrition. 2020; 82:111055. PMC: 7657015. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111055. View

16.

Martha J, Wibowo A, Pranata R . Hypocalcemia is associated with severe COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021; 15(1):337-342. PMC: 7832827. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.003. View

17.

Greiller C, Martineau A . Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D. Nutrients. 2015; 7(6):4240-70. PMC: 4488782. DOI: 10.3390/nu7064240. View

18.

Mariani J, Gimenez V, Bergam I, Tajer C, Antonietti L, Inserra F . Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Incidence, Complications, and Mortality in 46 Countries: An Ecological Study. Health Secur. 2020; 19(3):302-308. DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0137. View

19.

Liu J, Wu P, Gao F, Qi J, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Xie J . Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. J Virol. 2010; 84(22):11849-57. PMC: 2977860. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01464-10. View

20.

Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, Guthrie B, Wang H, Mercer S . Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020; 8(8):e1003-e1017. PMC: 7295519. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30264-3. View