Joint Association of Low Vitamin K1 and D Status With First Stroke in General Hypertensive Adults: Results From the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

Overview

Journal Front Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2022 Jun 1

PMID 35645985

Authors

Yaping Wei

Hai Ma

Benjamin Xu

Zhuo Wang

Qiangqiang He

Lishun Liu

Ziyi Zhou

Yun Song

Ping Chen

Jianping Li

Yan Zhang

Guangyun Mao

Binyan Wang

Genfu Tang

Xianhui Qin

Hao Zhang

Xiping Xu

Yong Huo

Huiyuan Guo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Vitamin K plays a role in preventing vascular calcification and may have a synergetic influence with vitamin D on cardiovascular health. However, whether this relationship applies to stroke, especially in a high-risk population of hypertensive individuals, remains unclear. The present study aims to study the joint association of low vitamin K1 and D status with first stroke in general hypertensive adults.

Methods: This study used a nested, case-control design with data from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. The analysis included 604 first total stroke patients and 604 matched controls from a Chinese population with hypertension. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results: There was a non-linear negative association between plasma vitamin K1 and the risk of first total stroke or ischemic stroke in the enalapril-only group. Compared to participants in vitamin K1 quartile 1, a significantly lower risk of total stroke ( = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91, = 0.020) or ischemic stroke ( = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.63, < 0.001) was found in participants in vitamin K1 quartile 2-4 in the enalapril-only group. When further divided into four subgroups by 25(OH)D and vitamin K1, a significantly higher risk of total stroke or ischemic stroke was observed in participants with both low vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D compared to those with both high vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D in the enalapril-only group. No increased risk was observed in the groups low in one vitamin only.

Conclusion: Low concentrations of both vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D were associated with increased risk of stroke.

Citing Articles

Vitamin K Properties in Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: A Janus Bifrons in Protection and Prevention.

Grimaldi L, Cavallaro R, De Angelis D, Fuso A, Sancesario G Molecules. 2025; 30(5).

PMID: 40076254 PMC: 11901974. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30051027.

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