COVID-19 Therapies: Do We See Substantial Progress?

Overview

Journal Cell Mol Biol Lett

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2022 Jun 1

PMID 35641916

Authors

Lucyna Matusewicz

Marlena Golec

Aleksander Czogalla

Kazimierz Kuliczkowski

Adam Konka

Joanna Zembala-John

Aleksander F Sikorski

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread all over the world is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has recently resulted in almost 400 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths, not to mention unknown long-term or persistent side effects in convalescent individuals. In this short review, we discuss approaches to treat COVID-19 that are based on current knowledge of the mechanisms of viral cell receptor recognition, virus-host membrane fusion, and inhibition of viral RNA and viral assembly. Despite enormous progress in antiviral therapy and prevention, new effective therapies are still in great demand.

Citing Articles

Development of Stable, Maleimide-Functionalized Peptidoliposomes Against SARS-CoV-2.

Michel O, Kaczorowska A, Matusewicz L, Piorkowska K, Golec M, Fus W Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(4).

PMID: 40004092 PMC: 11855074. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041629.

Monitoring correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture using a two-photon-active calcium-sensitive dye.

Mathe D, Szalay G, Cseri L, Kis Z, Palyi B, Foldes G Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2024; 29(1):105.

PMID: 39030477 PMC: 11264913. DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00619-0.

Decoding epitranscriptomic regulation of viral infection: mapping of RNA N-methyladenosine by advanced sequencing technologies.

Fan X, Zhang Y, Guo R, Yue K, Smagghe G, Lu Y Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2024; 29(1):42.

PMID: 38539075 PMC: 10967200. DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00564-y.

Effect of physical activity on long COVID fatigue: an unsolved enigma.

Coscia F, Di Filippo E, Gigliotti P, Fano Illic G Eur J Transl Myol. 2023; 33(3).

PMID: 37667865 PMC: 10583148. DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11639.

The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy.

Scurati R, Papini N, Giussani P, Alberti G, Tringali C Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(20).

PMID: 36293160 PMC: 9603679. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012311.

References

Kaka A, MacDonald R, Greer N, Vela K, Duan-Porter W, Obley A . Major Update: Remdesivir for Adults With COVID-19 : A Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians Practice Points. Ann Intern Med. 2021; 174(5):663-672. PMC: 7901604. DOI: 10.7326/M20-8148. View

Agostini M, Andres E, Sims A, Graham R, Sheahan T, Lu X . Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease. mBio. 2018; 9(2). PMC: 5844999. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00221-18. View

Park B, Kim J, Park S, Kim D, Kim M, Baek K . MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replication can be inhibited by targeting the interaction between the viral spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein. Theranostics. 2021; 11(8):3853-3867. PMC: 7914343. DOI: 10.7150/thno.55647. View

Xiao T, Lu J, Zhang J, Johnson R, McKay L, Storm N . A trimeric human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2021; 28(2):202-209. PMC: 7895301. DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00549-3. View

Hansen J, Baum A, Pascal K, Russo V, Giordano S, Wloga E . Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail. Science. 2020; 369(6506):1010-1014. PMC: 7299284. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0827. View

Chan K, Dorosky D, Sharma P, Abbasi S, Dye J, Kranz D . Engineering human ACE2 to optimize binding to the spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2. Science. 2020; 369(6508):1261-1265. PMC: 7574912. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0870. View

Ghosh S, Dellibovi-Ragheb T, Kerviel A, Pak E, Qiu Q, Fisher M . β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway. Cell. 2020; 183(6):1520-1535.e14. PMC: 7590812. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.039. View

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith J, Hsieh C, Abiona O . Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483):1260-1263. PMC: 7164637. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507. View

Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo A, Preziosi M, Sathiyamoorthy V, Abdool Karim Q . Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results. N Engl J Med. 2020; 384(6):497-511. PMC: 7727327. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2023184. View

10.

Weiss S, Navas-Martin S . Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005; 69(4):635-64. PMC: 1306801. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.69.4.635-664.2005. View

11.

Breitinger U, Ali N, Sticht H, Breitinger H . Inhibition of SARS CoV Envelope Protein by Flavonoids and Classical Viroporin Inhibitors. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:692423. PMC: 8297954. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692423. View

12.

Fang S, Shen H, Wang J, Tay F, Liu D . Proteolytic processing of polyproteins 1a and 1ab between non-structural proteins 10 and 11/12 of Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is dispensable for viral replication in cultured cells. Virology. 2008; 379(2):175-80. PMC: 7103401. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.038. View

13.

Park Y, De Marco A, Starr T, Liu Z, Pinto D, Walls A . Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry. Science. 2022; 375(6579):449-454. PMC: 9400459. DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8143. View

14.

Bloch E, Shoham S, Casadevall A, Sachais B, Shaz B, Winters J . Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. J Clin Invest. 2020; 130(6):2757-2765. PMC: 7259988. DOI: 10.1172/JCI138745. View

15.

Han D, Penn-Nicholson A, Cho M . Identification of critical determinants on ACE2 for SARS-CoV entry and development of a potent entry inhibitor. Virology. 2006; 350(1):15-25. PMC: 7111894. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.029. View

16.

Kim Y, Wower J, Maltseva N, Chang C, Jedrzejczak R, Wilamowski M . Tipiracil binds to uridine site and inhibits Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2. Commun Biol. 2021; 4(1):193. PMC: 7873276. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01735-9. View

17.

Mompean M, Trevino M, Laurents D . Partial structure, dampened mobility, and modest impact of a His tag in the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 C-terminal region. Eur Biophys J. 2021; 50(8):1129-1137. PMC: 8503394. DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01575-9. View

18.

Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Ojha R, Pedro L, Djannatian M, Franz J, Kuivanen S . Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity. Science. 2020; 370(6518):856-860. PMC: 7857391. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2985. View

19.

Li D, Edwards R, Manne K, Martinez D, Schafer A, Alam S . In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies. Cell. 2021; 184(16):4203-4219.e32. PMC: 8232969. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.021. View

20.

Bautista-Becerril B, Perez-Dimas G, Sommerhalder-Nava P, Hanono A, Martinez-Cisneros J, Zarate-Maldonado B . miRNAs, from Evolutionary Junk to Possible Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in COVID-19. Viruses. 2022; 14(1). PMC: 8781105. DOI: 10.3390/v14010041. View