The Bacillary Postbiotics, Including 2-Undecanone, Suppress the Virulence of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Secreted molecules from probiotic have often been considered potential pharmaceuticals to fight infections caused by bacterial or yeast pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the antagonistic potential of secreted probiotic filtrates (hereafter, postbiotics) derived from cells against pathogenic microorganisms, such as , , and . We found that the postbiotics mitigate the biofilms of the tested pathogens with no notable effect on their planktonic growth. In addition, the postbiotics suppressed some virulence traits, for instance, the dendrite swarming motility of and yeast-to-hyphal switch in . Further assays with an active constituent produced by the cells-2-undecanone revealed two significant findings: (i) 2-undecanone inhibits biofilms and hyphae and in a model, and (ii) it interacts specifically with Gln 58 amino acid residue of hyphal wall protein-1 (Hwp-1) in molecular docking analysis. The results suggest the targeted mode of antagonistic action of 2-undecanone against biofilm. In total, the findings of the study depict an appealing strategy to use postbiotics, including specific ketone molecules, produced by for developing novel antibiofilm and anti-hyphal pharmaceuticals.