Optimization of Simultaneous Production of Volatile Fatty Acids and Bio-hydrogen from Food Waste Using Response Surface Methodology

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is commonly considered an effective and green technology to convert solid waste into valuable feedstock including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen. Response surface methodology (RSM) was selected to analyze the production of VFAs and hydrogen from food waste in a batch process. The effect of the three variables total solid content (TS), pH, and reaction time under each variable at three levels on VFAs and hydrogen production was assessed. The optimum conditions determined RSM were pH = 7.0, TS = 100 g L, and reaction time = 3 d. The maximum VFA and hydrogen production was 26.17 g L and 46.03 mL g volatile solids added, respectively. The ratio of observed hydrogen (H) to predicted hydrogen (H) was < 1.0 because of inhibition of hydrogen production by VFA accumulation. The subsequent microbial community analysis result was also consistent with the abovementioned results. The evolution of Bacteroidetes, which facilitate VFA production, has been enriched by about 16.1-times at pH 7.0 followed by 10.2-times at pH 6.0 as compared to that in the uncontrolled pH batch.