Recent Advances in Understanding the Structural and Functional Evolution of FtsH Proteases

Overview

Journal Front Plant Sci

Date 2022 Apr 25

PMID 35463435

Authors

Lanbo Yi

Bin Liu

Peter J Nixon

Jianfeng Yu

Feng Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The FtsH family of proteases are membrane-anchored, ATP-dependent, zinc metalloproteases. They are universally present in prokaryotes and the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Most bacteria bear a single gene that produces hexameric homocomplexes with diverse house-keeping roles. However, in mitochondria, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, multiple FtsH homologs form homo- and heterocomplexes with specialized functions in maintaining photosynthesis and respiration. The diversification of FtsH homologs combined with selective pairing of FtsH isomers is a versatile strategy to enable functional adaptation. In this article we summarize recent progress in understanding the evolution, structure and function of FtsH proteases with a focus on the role of FtsH in photosynthesis and respiration.

Citing Articles

An asymmetric nautilus-like HflK/C assembly controls FtsH proteolysis of membrane proteins.

Ghanbarpour A, Telusma B, Powell B, Zhang J, Bolstad I, Vargas C EMBO J. 2025; .

PMID: 40082723 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-025-00408-1.

Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the FtsH gene family in wheat.

Li Y, Liu H, Wang X, Wang B Mol Biol Rep. 2025; 52(1):186.

PMID: 39899074 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10243-6.

An asymmetric nautilus-like HflK/C assembly controls FtsH proteolysis of membrane proteins.

Ghanbarpour A, Telusma B, Powell B, Zhang J, Bolstad I, Vargas C bioRxiv. 2024; .

PMID: 39149393 PMC: 11326279. DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.604662.

Intra-chloroplast proteases: A holistic network view of chloroplast proteolysis.

van Wijk K Plant Cell. 2024; 36(9):3116-3130.

PMID: 38884601 PMC: 11371162. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae178.

Genome-wide analysis of filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease (ftsH) gene family in soybean.

Wang J, Liu L, Luo R, Zhang Q, Wang X, Ling F BMC Genomics. 2024; 25(1):524.

PMID: 38802777 PMC: 11131285. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10389-w.

References

Artal-Sanz M, Tavernarakis N . Prohibitin and mitochondrial biology. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 20(8):394-401. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.04.004. View

Wagner R, Aigner H, Funk C . FtsH proteases located in the plant chloroplast. Physiol Plant. 2011; 145(1):203-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01548.x. View

Kato Y, Miura E, Ido K, Ifuku K, Sakamoto W . The variegated mutants lacking chloroplastic FtsHs are defective in D1 degradation and accumulate reactive oxygen species. Plant Physiol. 2009; 151(4):1790-801. PMC: 2785964. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.146589. View

Urantowka A, Knorpp C, Olczak T, Kolodziejczak M, Janska H . Plant mitochondria contain at least two i-AAA-like complexes. Plant Mol Biol. 2005; 59(2):239-52. DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-8766-3. View

Makino S, Makino T, Abe K, Hashimoto J, Tatsuta T, Kitagawa M . Second transmembrane segment of FtsH plays a role in its proteolytic activity and homo-oligomerization. FEBS Lett. 1999; 460(3):554-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01411-8. View

Mann N, Novac N, Mullineaux C, Newman J, Bailey S, Robinson C . Involvement of an FtsH homologue in the assembly of functional photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 2000; 479(1-2):72-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01871-8. View

Aro E, Virgin I, Andersson B . Photoinhibition of Photosystem II. Inactivation, protein damage and turnover. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993; 1143(2):113-34. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90134-2. View

Wagner R, Aigner H, Pruzinska A, Johansson Jankanpaa H, Jansson S, Funk C . Fitness analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants depleted of FtsH metalloproteases and characterization of three FtsH6 deletion mutants exposed to high light stress, senescence and chilling. New Phytol. 2011; 191(2):449-458. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03684.x. View

Zaltsman A, Feder A, Adam Z . Developmental and light effects on the accumulation of FtsH protease in Arabidopsis chloroplasts--implications for thylakoid formation and photosystem II maintenance. Plant J. 2005; 42(5):609-17. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02401.x. View

10.

Gimenez M, Cerletti M, De Castro R . Archaeal membrane-associated proteases: insights on Haloferax volcanii and other haloarchaea. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6:39. PMC: 4343526. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00039. View

11.

Carvalho V, Prabudiansyah I, Kovacik L, Chami M, Kieffer R, van der Valk R . The cytoplasmic domain of the AAA+ protease FtsH is tilted with respect to the membrane to facilitate substrate entry. J Biol Chem. 2020; 296:100029. PMC: 7949044. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.014739. View

12.

Casari G, De Fusco M, Ciarmatori S, Zeviani M, Mora M, Fernandez P . Spastic paraplegia and OXPHOS impairment caused by mutations in paraplegin, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial metalloprotease. Cell. 1998; 93(6):973-83. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81203-9. View

13.

Langklotz S, Baumann U, Narberhaus F . Structure and function of the bacterial AAA protease FtsH. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011; 1823(1):40-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.08.015. View

14.

Anbudurai P, Mor T, Ohad I, Shestakov S, Pakrasi H . The ctpA gene encodes the C-terminal processing protease for the D1 protein of the photosystem II reaction center complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91(17):8082-6. PMC: 44549. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.17.8082. View

15.

Ogura T, Tomoyasu T, Yuki T, Morimura S, Begg K, DONACHIE W . Structure and function of the ftsH gene in Escherichia coli. Res Microbiol. 1991; 142(2-3):279-82. DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(91)90041-8. View

16.

Nixon P, Michoux F, Yu J, Boehm M, Komenda J . Recent advances in understanding the assembly and repair of photosystem II. Ann Bot. 2010; 106(1):1-16. PMC: 2889791. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq059. View

17.

Sun X, Peng L, Guo J, Chi W, Ma J, Lu C . Formation of DEG5 and DEG8 complexes and their involvement in the degradation of photodamaged photosystem II reaction center D1 protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007; 19(4):1347-61. PMC: 1913764. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.049510. View

18.

Sweetlove L, Heazlewood J, Herald V, Holtzapffel R, Day D, Leaver C . The impact of oxidative stress on Arabidopsis mitochondria. Plant J. 2002; 32(6):891-904. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01474.x. View

19.

HATEFI Y . The mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation system. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985; 54:1015-69. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.005055. View

20.

Sanchez-Baracaldo P, Cardona T . On the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria. New Phytol. 2019; 225(4):1440-1446. DOI: 10.1111/nph.16249. View