Gas Regulation of Complex II Reversal Via Electron Shunting to Fumarate in the Mammalian ETC

Overview

Journal Trends Biochem Sci

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2022 Apr 10

PMID 35397924

Authors

Ruma Banerjee

Roshan Kumar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a major currency converter that exchanges the chemical energy of fuel oxidation to proton motive force and, subsequently, ATP generation, using O as a terminal electron acceptor. Discussed herein, two new studies reveal that the mammalian ETC is forked. Hypoxia or HS exposure promotes the use of fumarate as an alternate terminal electron acceptor. The fumarate/succinate and CoQH/CoQ redox couples are nearly iso-potential, revealing that complex II is poised for facile reverse electron transfer, which is sensitive to CoQH and fumarate concentrations. The gas regulators, HS and NO, modulate O affinity and/or inhibit the electron transfer rate at complex IV. Their induction under hypoxia suggests a mechanism for how traffic at the ETC fork can be regulated.

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