What Educators Can Learn from the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model of Patient Care: Time for Holistic Medical Education

Overview

Journal J Gen Intern Med

Publisher Springer

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2022 Mar 31

PMID 35357678

Authors

David Vermette

Benjamin Doolittle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Medical students and residents experience burnout at a high rate and encounter threats to their well-being throughout training. It may be helpful to consider a holistic model of education to create educational environments in which trainees flourish. As clinician educators, the biopsychosocial-spiritual model of patient care has helped shape the way we care for patients. Using the biopsychosocial-spiritual model of patient care as a framework, we examine the ways in which clinician educators can support the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of their trainees. The current state of trainee well-being in each of these areas is reviewed. We discuss potential interventions and opportunities for further research to help clinician educators develop a contextualized, holistic approach to the formation of their trainees.

Citing Articles

A Qualitative Study of Internal Medicine Subspecialty Fellowship Program Directors' Perspectives on Short-Term Hospitalist Employment Prior to Fellowship.

Crecelius T, Linker A, Gottenborg E, Kwan B, Keniston A, McBeth L J Grad Med Educ. 2024; 16(2):210-220.

PMID: 38993320 PMC: 11234311. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-23-00550.1.

What Do Medical Students Learn about Community Care from Discussions with General Physicians? A Thematic Analysis.

Ohta R, Nishikura N, Sano C Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(10).

PMID: 37893573 PMC: 10607926. DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101855.

The Attachment Mapping Protocol (AMP): An Assessment and Treatment Tool for General Psychotherapy, Systemic Family Therapy and Multifaith Spiritual Care.

Buhagar D J Relig Health. 2023; 62(6):4112-4157.

PMID: 37775615 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01881-w.

References

Mata D, Ramos M, Bansal N, Khan R, Guille C, Di Angelantonio E . Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015; 314(22):2373-83. PMC: 4866499. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.15845. View

Rotenstein L, Torre M, Ramos M, Rosales R, Guille C, Sen S . Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2018; 320(11):1131-1150. PMC: 6233645. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.12777. View

Tawfik D, Scheid A, Profit J, Shanafelt T, Trockel M, Adair K . Evidence Relating Health Care Provider Burnout and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 171(8):555-567. PMC: 7138707. DOI: 10.7326/M19-1152. View

Dyrbye L, Massie Jr F, Eacker A, Harper W, Power D, Durning S . Relationship between burnout and professional conduct and attitudes among US medical students. JAMA. 2010; 304(11):1173-80. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1318. View

Raj K . Well-Being in Residency: A Systematic Review. J Grad Med Educ. 2016; 8(5):674-684. PMC: 5180521. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-15-00764.1. View

VanderWeele T . On the promotion of human flourishing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(31):8148-8156. PMC: 5547610. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702996114. View

VanderWeele T, McNeely E, Koh H . Reimagining Health-Flourishing. JAMA. 2019; 321(17):1667-1668. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.3035. View

Engel G . The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977; 196(4286):129-36. DOI: 10.1126/science.847460. View

Borrell-Carrio F, Suchman A, Epstein R . The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. Ann Fam Med. 2004; 2(6):576-82. PMC: 1466742. DOI: 10.1370/afm.245. View

10.

Puchalski C, Vitillo R, Hull S, Reller N . Improving the spiritual dimension of whole person care: reaching national and international consensus. J Palliat Med. 2014; 17(6):642-56. PMC: 4038982. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2014.9427. View

11.

Astrow A, Puchalski C, Sulmasy D . Religion, spirituality, and health care: social, ethical, and practical considerations. Am J Med. 2001; 110(4):283-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00708-7. View

12.

Koenig H . Religion, spirituality, and health: a review and update. Adv Mind Body Med. 2015; 29(3):19-26. View

13.

McKee D, Chappel J . Spirituality and medical practice. J Fam Pract. 1992; 35(2):201, 205-8. View

14.

Sulmasy D . A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care of patients at the end of life. Gerontologist. 2002; 42 Spec No 3:24-33. DOI: 10.1093/geront/42.suppl_3.24. View

15.

Bekelman D, Dy S, Becker D, Wittstein I, Hendricks D, Yamashita T . Spiritual well-being and depression in patients with heart failure. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(4):470-7. PMC: 1829421. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-006-0044-9. View

16.

Bai M, Lazenby M . A systematic review of associations between spiritual well-being and quality of life at the scale and factor levels in studies among patients with cancer. J Palliat Med. 2014; 18(3):286-98. PMC: 4348086. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0189. View

17.

Emmons R, McCullough M . Counting blessings versus burdens: an experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003; 84(2):377-89. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.84.2.377. View

18.

Usoro A, Hirpa M, Daniel M, Harris V, Ware A, Kernodle A . Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Building Community for Underrepresented in Medicine Graduate Medical Education Trainees. J Grad Med Educ. 2021; 13(1):33-36. PMC: 7901635. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-20-00925.1. View

19.

Allespach H, Cohen D, St Onge J, Bosire K, Banks S . Using Show-and-Tell Rounds to Enhance Camaraderie Among Residents. J Grad Med Educ. 2019; 11(5):504-506. PMC: 6795339. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-19-00152.1. View

20.

Chen Y, Koh H, Kawachi I, Botticelli M, VanderWeele T . Religious Service Attendance and Deaths Related to Drugs, Alcohol, and Suicide Among US Health Care Professionals. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77(7):737-744. PMC: 7203669. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0175. View