Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Prepared by Ionic Gelation Improve the Antioxidant Activities of Astaxanthin in the In Vitro and In Vivo Model

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2022 Mar 25

PMID 35326128

Authors

Eun Suh Kim

Youjin Baek

Hyun-Jae Yoo

Ji-Soo Lee

Hyeon Gyu Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (NPs) on the stability, antioxidant activity, and bioavailability of astaxanthin (ASX). ASX-loaded CS-TPP NPs (ACT-NPs) prepared by ionic gelation between CS (0.571 mg/mL) and TPP (0.571 mg/mL) showed 505.2 ± 184.8 nm, 20.4 ± 1.2 mV, 0.348 ± 0.044, and 63.9 ± 3.0% of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency, respectively. An in vitro release study confirmed that the release of ASX in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and intestinal (pH 6.8) fluid was prolonged within ACT-NPs. The in vitro antioxidant activities of ACT-NPs were significantly improved compared with free ASX (FA) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the cellular and in vivo antioxidant analysis verified that ACT-NPs could enhance the cytoprotective effects on the BHK-21 cell line and demonstrate sustained release properties, leading to prolonged residence time in the rat plasma. The results suggest that the stability, antioxidant properties, and bioavailability of ASX can be effectively enhanced through encapsulation within CS-TPP NPs.

Citing Articles

Carotenoids Improve Obesity and Fatty Liver Disease via Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review.

Hashemi D, Fard M, Mohammadhasani K, Barati M, Nattagh-Eshtivani E Food Sci Nutr. 2025; 13(3):e70092.

PMID: 40071130 PMC: 11893484. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.70092.

Chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate nanoparticles: a promising approach for enhancing antibacterial activity against of grapefruit seed extract.

Cho E, Elbegbayar E, Lee H Food Sci Biotechnol. 2025; 34(4):1107-1117.

PMID: 39974869 PMC: 11832972. DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01715-9.

Impact of Encapsulation Position in Pickering Emulsions on Color Stability and Intensity Turmeric Oleoresin.

Han A, Baek Y, Lee H Foods. 2025; 14(3).

PMID: 39941977 PMC: 11816578. DOI: 10.3390/foods14030385.

Antarctic Krill Oil Supplementation Attenuates Hypercholesterolemia, Fatty Liver, and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Choi J, Park S, Kim S Nutrients. 2024; 16(21).

PMID: 39519447 PMC: 11547309. DOI: 10.3390/nu16213614.

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Carotenoids in Preventing and Managing Metabolic Disorders.

Ortega-Regules A, Martinez-Thomas J, Schurenkamper-Carrillo K, de Parrodi C, Lopez-Mena E, Mejia-Mendez J Plants (Basel). 2024; 13(12).

PMID: 38931016 PMC: 11207240. DOI: 10.3390/plants13121584.

References

Je H, Kim E, Lee J, Lee H . Release Properties and Cellular Uptake in Caco-2 Cells of Size-Controlled Chitosan Nanoparticles. J Agric Food Chem. 2017; 65(50):10899-10906. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03627. View

Benzie I, Strain J . The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 1996; 239(1):70-6. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0292. View

Kim E, Lee J, Lee H . Nanoencapsulation of Red Ginseng Extracts Using Chitosan with Polyglutamic Acid or Fucoidan for Improving Antithrombotic Activities. J Agric Food Chem. 2016; 64(23):4765-71. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00911. View

Moon J, Shibamoto T . Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. J Agric Food Chem. 2009; 57(5):1655-66. DOI: 10.1021/jf803537k. View

Kim E, Kim D, Lee J, Lee H . Mucoadhesive Chitosan-Gum Arabic Nanoparticles Enhance the Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin in the Intestinal Cellular Environment. J Agric Food Chem. 2019; 67(31):8609-8616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00008. View

Wen P, Feng K, Yang H, Huang X, Zong M, Lou W . Electrospun core-shell structured nanofilm as a novel colon-specific delivery system for protein. Carbohydr Polym. 2017; 169:157-166. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.082. View

Liu C, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhang S, Wang S, Feng F . Fabrication and Characterization of β-Lactoglobulin-Based Nanocomplexes Composed of Chitosan Oligosaccharides as Vehicles for Delivery of Astaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem. 2018; 66(26):6717-6726. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00834. View

Khalid N, Shu G, Holland B, Kobayashi I, Nakajima M, Barrow C . Formulation and characterization of O/W nanoemulsions encapsulating high concentration of astaxanthin. Food Res Int. 2017; 102:364-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.019. View

Chen H, Gao J, Wang F, Liang W . Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of liposomes-encapsulated cyclodextrins inclusion complexes for hydrophobic drugs. Drug Deliv. 2007; 14(4):201-8. DOI: 10.1080/10717540601036880. View

10.

Sozer N, Kokini J . Nanotechnology and its applications in the food sector. Trends Biotechnol. 2009; 27(2):82-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.10.010. View

11.

Rathore P, Mahor A, Jain S, Haque A, Kesharwani P . Formulation development, and evaluation of chitosan engineered nanoparticles for ocular delivery of insulin. RSC Adv. 2022; 10(71):43629-43639. PMC: 9058365. DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07640f. View

12.

Harne S, Sharma A, Dhaygude M, Joglekar S, Kodam K, Hudlikar M . Novel route for rapid biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Calotropis procera L. latex and their cytotoxicity on tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2012; 95:284-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.03.005. View

13.

Hirpara M, Manikkath J, Sivakumar K, Managuli R, Gourishetti K, Krishnadas N . Long circulating PEGylated-chitosan nanoparticles of rosuvastatin calcium: Development and in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017; 107(Pt B):2190-2200. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.086. View

14.

Arozal W, Louisa M, Rahmat D, Chendrana P, Sandhiutami N . Development, Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Based Drug Delivery Systems for Curcumin. Adv Pharm Bull. 2021; 11(1):77-85. PMC: 7961214. DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.008. View

15.

De Lima R, Feitosa L, Pereira A, de Moura M, Aouada F, Mattoso L . Evaluation of the genotoxicity of chitosan nanoparticles for use in food packaging films. J Food Sci. 2010; 75(6):N89-96. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01682.x. View

16.

Lee J, Park S, Chung D, Lee H . Encapsulation of astaxanthin-rich Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous for antioxidant delivery. Int J Biol Macromol. 2011; 49(3):268-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.021. View

17.

Chen M, Mi F, Liao Z, Hsiao C, Sonaje K, Chung M . Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012; 65(6):865-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.010. View

18.

Zuluaga M, Gueguen V, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G . Astaxanthin-antioxidant impact on excessive Reactive Oxygen Species generation induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury. Chem Biol Interact. 2017; 279:145-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.012. View

19.

Kim E, Kim D, Lee J, Lee H . Quercetin delivery characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles prepared with different molecular weight polyanion cross-linkers. Carbohydr Polym. 2021; 267:118157. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118157. View

20.

Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K . Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979; 95(2):351-8. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3. View