The Use of Amplatzer Vascular Plug II in 32 Consecutive Dogs for Transvenous Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Objectives: To describe the use of the Amplatzer vascular plug II (AVPII) for transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a non-selective population of dogs, with a focus on the surgical technique, short term outcome and associated complications.

Animals, Materials And Methods: Retrospective study. Records of thirty-two consecutive dogs treated for a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus with the AVPII were reviewed.

Results: Ductal occlusion with an AVPII occlusion device was attempted in 32 dogs weighing 1.1-53.8 kg. Transvenous occlusion was successful in 30 dogs. One dog required a transarterial approach for occlusion. One dog died during catheterisation of the right heart but prior to transductal catheterisation. Mean ductal ampulla diameter was 7.9 mm (range, 4.1-15.4 mm) and median size of deployed devices was 10 mm (range 4-20 mm). Mean device to ampulla ratio was 1.34 ± 0.15. Device was positioned in situ with no residual flow on follow-up echocardiographic assessment (> one month) in all dogs where deployment was attempted. Occlusion success rate was 96.9% and mortality rate was 3.1%. Four dogs (13.3%) demonstrated minor complications, with none having long-term significance.

Conclusions: The use of AVPII device via a transvenous approach is a feasible and effective method for occlusion of a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus in dogs of a wide range of weight. The method described may complement existing catheter-based occlusion methods.