Racial Differences in Longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers Among Cognitively Normal Adults

Overview

Journal Alzheimers Dement

Specialties Neurology
Psychiatry

Date 2022 Feb 26

PMID 35218143

Authors

Chengjie Xiong

Jingqin Luo

Suzanne E Schindler

Anne M Fagan

Tammie Benzinger

Jason Hassenstab

Joyce E Balls-Berry

Folasade Agboola

Elizabeth Grant

Krista L Moulder

John C Morris

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Longitudinal changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analytes, amyloid uptakes from positron emission tomography (PET), structural outcomes from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognition, have not been compared between Blacks and Whites.

Methods: A total of 179 Blacks and 1180 Whites who were cognitively normal at baseline and had longitudinal data from at least one biomarker modality were analyzed for the annual rates of change.

Results: CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 declined more slowly (P = .0390), and amyloid (PET) accumulated more slowly (P = .0157), in Blacks than Whites. CSF Aβ42 changed in opposite directions over time between Blacks and Whites (P = .0039). The annual increase in CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau181 for Blacks was about half of that for Whites.

Discussion: Longitudinal racial differences in amyloid biomarkers are observed. It will be important to comprehensively and prospectively examine the effects of apolipoprotein E genotype and sociocultural factors on these differences.

Citing Articles

Plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers of small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease in a diverse cohort: MESA.

Lockhart S, Sutphen C, Tanley J, Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Kac P, Habes M medRxiv. 2025; .

PMID: 39990571 PMC: 11844615. DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.11.25322109.

Neuroimaging and biofluid biomarkers across race and ethnicity in older adults across the spectrum of cognition.

Wang W, Asken B, DeSimone J, Levy S, Barker W, Fiala J Ageing Res Rev. 2024; 101:102507.

PMID: 39306249 PMC: 11531386. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102507.

Correlations between plasma markers and brain Aβ deposition across the AD continuum: Evidence from SILCODE.

Yu X, Shi R, Zhou X, Zhang M, Cai Y, Jiang J Alzheimers Dement. 2024; 20(9):6170-6182.

PMID: 38982860 PMC: 11497764. DOI: 10.1002/alz.14084.

Baseline levels and longitudinal changes in plasma Aβ42/40 among Black and white individuals.

Xiong C, Luo J, Wolk D, Shaw L, Roberson E, Murchison C Nat Commun. 2024; 15(1):5539.

PMID: 38956096 PMC: 11219932. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49859-w.

Atrophy links lower novelty-related locus coeruleus connectivity to cognitive decline in preclinical AD.

Schneider C, Prokopiou P, Papp K, Engels-Dominguez N, Hsieh S, Juneau T Alzheimers Dement. 2024; 20(6):3958-3971.

PMID: 38676563 PMC: 11180940. DOI: 10.1002/alz.13839.

References

Su Y, Flores S, Wang G, Hornbeck R, Speidel B, Joseph-Mathurin N . Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2019; 11:180-190. PMC: 6389727. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.12.008. View

Price J, McKeel Jr D, Buckles V, Roe C, Xiong C, Grundman M . Neuropathology of nondemented aging: presumptive evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2009; 30(7):1026-36. PMC: 2737680. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.002. View

Klunk W, Koeppe R, Price J, Benzinger T, Devous Sr M, Jagust W . The Centiloid Project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET. Alzheimers Dement. 2014; 11(1):1-15.e1-4. PMC: 4300247. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.07.003. View

Morris J, Schindler S, McCue L, Moulder K, Benzinger T, Cruchaga C . Assessment of Racial Disparities in Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2019; 76(3):264-273. PMC: 6439726. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4249. View

Fagan A, Xiong C, Jasielec M, Bateman R, Goate A, Benzinger T . Longitudinal change in CSF biomarkers in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med. 2014; 6(226):226ra30. PMC: 4038930. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007901. View

Vos S, Xiong C, Visser P, Jasielec M, Hassenstab J, Grant E . Preclinical Alzheimer's disease and its outcome: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12(10):957-65. PMC: 3904678. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70194-7. View

Su Y, Flores S, Hornbeck R, Speidel B, Vlassenko A, Gordon B . Utilizing the Centiloid scale in cross-sectional and longitudinal PiB PET studies. Neuroimage Clin. 2018; 19:406-416. PMC: 6051499. DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.022. View

Xiong C, Luo J, Coble D, Agboola F, Kukull W, Morris J . Complex interactions underlie racial disparity in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2020; 16(4):589-597. PMC: 7259475. DOI: 10.1002/alz.12060. View

Luo J, Agboola F, Grant E, Masters C, Albert M, Johnson S . Sequence of Alzheimer disease biomarker changes in cognitively normal adults: A cross-sectional study. Neurology. 2020; 95(23):e3104-e3116. PMC: 7734923. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010747. View

10.

Morris J . The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993; 43(11):2412-4. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a. View

11.

Jack Jr C, Bennett D, Blennow K, Carrillo M, Dunn B, Budd Haeberlein S . NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018; 14(4):535-562. PMC: 5958625. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018. View

12.

Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P . "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12(3):189-98. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6. View

13.

Hanseeuw B, Betensky R, Jacobs H, Schultz A, Sepulcre J, Becker J . Association of Amyloid and Tau With Cognition in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease: A Longitudinal Study. JAMA Neurol. 2019; 76(8):915-924. PMC: 6547132. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1424. View

14.

Leitao M, Silva-Spinola A, Santana I, Olmedo V, Nadal A, Le Bastard N . Clinical validation of the Lumipulse G cerebrospinal fluid assays for routine diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019; 11(1):91. PMC: 6875031. DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0550-8. View

15.

Xiong C, Roe C, Buckles V, Fagan A, Holtzman D, Balota D . Role of family history for Alzheimer biomarker abnormalities in the adult children study. Arch Neurol. 2011; 68(10):1313-9. PMC: 3327304. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.208. View

16.

Howell J, Watts K, Parker M, Wu J, Kollhoff A, Wingo T . Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017; 9(1):88. PMC: 5668981. DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0315-1. View

17.

Keshavan A, Wellington H, Chen Z, Khatun A, Chapman M, Hart M . Concordance of CSF measures of Alzheimer's pathology with amyloid PET status in a preclinical cohort: A comparison of Lumipulse and established immunoassays. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020; 12(1):e12097. PMC: 7503103. DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12097. View

18.

Morris J, Price J . Pathologic correlates of nondemented aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2002; 17(2):101-18. DOI: 10.1385/jmn:17:2:101. View

19.

Jack Jr C, Knopman D, Jagust W, Petersen R, Weiner M, Aisen P . Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12(2):207-16. PMC: 3622225. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0. View

20.

Laird N, Ware J . Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982; 38(4):963-74. View