Uremic Toxins and Protein-Bound Therapeutics in AKI and CKD: Up-to-Date Evidence

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2022 Jan 20

PMID 35050985

Authors

Jia-Huang Chen

Chih-Kang Chiang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Uremic toxins are defined as harmful metabolites that accumulate in the human body of patients whose renal function declines, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Growing evidence demonstrates the deteriorating effect of uremic toxins on CKD progression and CKD-related complications, and removing uremic toxins in CKD has become the conventional treatment in the clinic. However, studies rarely pay attention to uremic toxin clearance in the early stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) to prevent progression to CKD despite increasing reports demonstrating that uremic toxins are correlated with the severity of injury or mortality. This review highlights the current evidence of uremic toxin accumulation in AKI and the therapeutic value to prevent CKD progression specific to protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs).

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