Reiterating the Emergence of Noncoding RNAs As Regulators of the Critical Hallmarks of Gall Bladder Cancer

Overview

Journal Biomolecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2021 Dec 24

PMID 34944491

Authors

Varsha Rana

Dey Parama

Elina Khatoon

Sosmitha Girisa

Gautam Sethi

Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and one of the most aggressive types of malignancies, often associated with a poor prognosis and survival. It is a highly metastatic cancer and is often not diagnosed at the initial stages, which contributes to a poor survival rate of patients. The poor diagnosis and chemoresistance associated with the disease limit the scope of the currently available surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities. Thus, there is a need to explore novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that will help relieve the severity of the disease and lead to advanced therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has correlated the atypical expression of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) with the increased cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, metastasis, chemoresistance, and decreased apoptosis in GBC. Numerous reports have indicated that the dysregulated expression of ncRNAs is associated with poor prognosis and lower disease-free and overall survival in GBC patients. These reports suggest that ncRNAs might be considered novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for the management of GBC. The present review recapitulates the association of various ncRNAs in the initiation and progression of GBC and the development of novel therapeutic strategies by exploring their functional and regulatory role.

References

Lee J, Chiang S, Nam D, Chung W, Lee J, Na Y . Capillarisin inhibits constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation through induction of SHP-1 and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases. Cancer Lett. 2013; 345(1):140-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.008. View

Wang X, Lin Y, Lu Z, Li J . Circular RNA circ-MTO1 serves as a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gallbladder cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020; 24(16):8359-8366. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22632. View

Chopra P, Sethi G, Dastidar S, Ray A . Polo-like kinase inhibitors: an emerging opportunity for cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009; 19(1):27-43. DOI: 10.1517/13543780903483191. View

Schmitz S, Grote P, Herrmann B . Mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016; 73(13):2491-509. PMC: 4894931. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2174-5. View

Goeppert B, Truckenmueller F, Ori A, Fritz V, Albrecht T, Fraas A . Profiling of gallbladder carcinoma reveals distinct miRNA profiles and activation of STAT1 by the tumor suppressive miRNA-145-5p. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):4796. PMC: 6423323. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40857-3. View

Cai Q, Wang Z, Wang S, Li C, Zhu Z, Quan Z . Upregulation of long non-coding RNA LINC00152 by SP1 contributes to gallbladder cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway. Am J Transl Res. 2016; 8(10):4068-4081. PMC: 5095302. View

Henamayee S, Banik K, Sailo B, Shabnam B, Harsha C, Srilakshmi S . Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties. Molecules. 2020; 25(10). PMC: 7288145. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102278. View

Liang C, Yang P, Han T, Wang R, Xing X, Si A . Long non-coding RNA DILC promotes the progression of gallbladder carcinoma. Gene. 2019; 694:102-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.086. View

Reda El Sayed S, Cristante J, Guyon L, Denis J, Chabre O, Cherradi N . MicroRNA Therapeutics in Cancer: Current Advances and Challenges. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(11). PMC: 8198729. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112680. View

10.

Garg M, Sethi G . Emerging role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in human malignancies: A unique opportunity for precision medicine. Cancer Lett. 2021; 519:1. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.032. View

11.

Cheng J, Wang L, Wang H, Tang F, Cai W, Sethi G . Insights into Biological Role of LncRNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells. 2019; 8(10). PMC: 6829226. DOI: 10.3390/cells8101178. View

12.

Chang Y, Liu C, Yang J, Liu G, Feng F, Tang J . MiR-20a triggers metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2013; 59(3):518-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.034. View

13.

Wei J, Huang K, Yang C, Kang C . Non-coding RNAs as regulators in epigenetics (Review). Oncol Rep. 2016; 37(1):3-9. DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5236. View

14.

Khandelwal A, Malhotra A, Jain M, Vasquez K, Jain A . The emerging role of long non-coding RNA in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. Biochimie. 2016; 132:152-160. PMC: 6282167. DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.007. View

15.

Wang S, Ma F, Tang Z, Wu X, Cai Q, Zhang M . Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates FOXM1 expression by competitively binding endogenous miR-342-3p in gallbladder cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016; 35(1):160. PMC: 5048611. DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0436-6. View

16.

Ramachandran A, Srivastava D, Madhusudhan K . Gallbladder cancer revisited: the evolving role of a radiologist. Br J Radiol. 2020; 94(1117):20200726. PMC: 7774702. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200726. View

17.

Zhang B, Pan X, Cobb G, Anderson T . microRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Dev Biol. 2006; 302(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.028. View

18.

Ma Q, Zhang Y, Liang H, Zhang F, Liu F, Chen S . RETRACTED: EMP3, which is regulated by miR-663a, suppresses gallbladder cancer progression via interference with the MAPK/ERK pathway. Cancer Lett. 2018; 430:97-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.022. View

19.

Sirohi B, Singh A, Jagannath P, Shrikhande S . Chemotherapy and targeted therapy for gall bladder cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2014; 5(2):134-41. PMC: 4116538. DOI: 10.1007/s13193-014-0317-4. View

20.

Seyfried T, Huysentruyt L . On the origin of cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog. 2012; 18(1-2):43-73. PMC: 3597235. DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v18.i1-2.40. View